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RUSVM Animal Production Summer 2017 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading US state in pig production?

A

Iowa

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2
Q

Over the last 35 years, milk production in the US has (increased/decreased) but the number of dairy cows has (increased/decreased)

A

Increased production

decreased number of dairy cows

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3
Q

what are the levels of US poultry production? (top to bottom)

A

Top: genetics/selection farms
reproduction farms
bottom: production farms

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4
Q

How long does it take a commercial broiler to reach market weight?

A

6 weeks

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5
Q

How often are broiler production houses cleaned?

A

cleaned and disinfected between each flock

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6
Q

On average, how long does it take a layer hen to lay one egg?

A

one egg every 24 hrs

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7
Q 
what kind of farms in the US are the majority of eggs produced? 
A. off-line 
B. in-line 
C. organic with cages
D. organic w/o cages
A

B. In line egg farms

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8
Q

What is egg candling used for?

A

removing eggs with cracks
removing eggs with internal defects
removing eggs with feces or feathers
removing fertilized eggs

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9
Q 
what is the most frequent system of egg production in the US? 
A. battery cages 
B. enriched colony cages 
C. free range 
D. indoor/cage-free
A

A. battery cages

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10
Q

how long is the gestation of a sheep or goat?

A

5 months

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11
Q

how long is the productive lifespan of a commercial laying hen?

A

just under 2 years

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12
Q

Why is the farrowing crate used?

A

to prevent sows from crushing the piglets

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13
Q

After how long will the chick hatch out of the egg?

A

21 days

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14
Q

Ideal production in dairy cattle is: _____ number of calves per year and _______ days of lactation .

A

one calf per year and 305 days of lactation

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15
Q

Which dairy breed has the highest fat content in milk on average?

A

Jersey cattle, 4.9% fat content

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16
Q

How long is the gestation of a camel?

A

13-14 months

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17
Q

What kind of confirmation is ideal in beef cattle?

A

rectangular

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18
Q

what confirmation is ideal for dairy cattle?

A

triangular

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19
Q

what is the main objective of a cow-calf beef cattle production?

A

Produce calves to sell to feedlot operations

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20
Q 
What is not done in male calf management? 
A. dehorning
B. Fe injection 
C. castration 
D. branding
A

B. Fe injection

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21
Q

What finishing system has more roughages and less grain?

A

deferred finishing systems

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22
Q

Turkeys have (increased/decreased) live weight and (increased/decreased) breast proportion.

A

increased live weight

increased breast proportion

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23
Q

What types/breeds of turkeys are selected for range production?

A

Broad Breasted Bronze and Beltsville Small White

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24
Q

AI is the most common breeding method of commercial production in:

A

Turkey and Dairy cattle production

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25
Q

What is the gestation time of a yak?

A

260-270 days, similar to a cow

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26
Q

Which of the ratites is found in S. America?

A

Rhea

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27
Q

Which species has the meat with the lowest cholesterol content?

A

Turkeys

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28
Q

How are the majority of turkeys raised in the US?

A

in confinement

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29
Q

Salmonid fish are:

a. an old lineage of fish
b. native to N, hemisphere
c. predatory fish
d. develop secondary sexual characteristics when breeding
e. all of the above

A

E. all of the above

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30
Q

How do anadromous fish spend their life?

A

migrate up fresh water river from oceans to spawn

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31
Q

T/F: Farms on the Pacific coast of Chile are one of the largest global producers of Atlantic salmon

A

True

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32
Q

Which two species are used in cold northern climates for draught and milk purposes?

A

Bos grunniens and Camelus bactrianus

33
Q

Sanga cattle have huge horns to?

A

keep cool

34
Q

what color in cattle is associated with heat tolerance?

A

red

35
Q

What is the main difference between an oxen and a steer?

A

Oxen- castrated male b/w 3-5 years old

36
Q

What are polled cattle?

A

Cattle genetically bred to not have horns

37
Q

What is the ‘largest breed’ of cattle in the world?

A

Chianina

38
Q

T/F: West Highland cattle are wild and difficult to work with and Jersey bulls are dangerous to work with.

A

True

39
Q

What are the difference between dairy cattle and beef cattle breeding and calving?

A

Dairy cattle: breed and produce calves year round

Beef cattle: breed once a year and calve in the spring

40
Q

what is the gestation of Bos Taurus?

A

280 days

41
Q

T/F: the average dairy cow produces about 20,000 lbs of milk a year

A

True. The best producing cow produced 90,000 lbs

42
Q

what breed is considered the best for producing the greatest quantity of milk?

A

Holstein-Friesland

43
Q

How old are dairy cows when they are first bred?

A

14 months

44
Q

how old are beef cows when they are first bred?

A

2 years

45
Q

when a dairy cow is no longer profitable, producing <50 lbs milk a day, what happens to her?

A

she will be dried off

46
Q

What is needed for cows to continue to produce milk?

A

must be bred every year

47
Q

what is TMR?

A

total mixed ration

48
Q

how long is the ideal lactation in dairy cows?

A

305 days

49
Q

how is milk production measured?

A

pounds, lbs

50
Q

why are the majority of broiler chickens white feathered?

A

they have less dark marks on their skin after the feathers are plucked.

51
Q

what is the most important component in broiler poultry production to ensure good health and decrease stress?

A

ventilation

52
Q

what is the most expensive part of poultry farming?

A

feed

53
Q

how are eggs sorted into jumbo or large categories?

A

by weight

54
Q

goats have tails that are __________. Sheep have tails that are ________________.

A

goats- tail up

sheep- tail down

55
Q

what species of bovine is most heat resistant?

A

Bos indicus

56
Q

which ovary does a hen use?

A

the left

57
Q

what can you determine from the big air space in an egg?

A

age of the egg

58
Q

what is the most important factor to getting a hen to lay and keep laying eggs?

A

light (increased light)

59
Q

what is the most important factor to keep turkeys from laying too early?

A

light (limit it)

60
Q

which color egg has the most nutritional value?

A

jk! there is no difference based on color

61
Q

What is candling used for?

A

look for defects in the eggs
separate improperly cleaned eggs
check for fertility

62
Q

what is the difference b/w free range and cage free eggs?

A

Free range- eggs from chickens who have outdoor access

cage free- eggs from chickens kept in large indoor runs

63
Q

what fermented beverage is made from mares’ milk?

A

Airag

64
Q

how are layer chicks sexed?

A

Sorting by cloacal and feather differences

65
Q

what is the gestation time of a bison?

A

283 days

66
Q

what is the gestation of an ostrich chick?

A

about 6 weeks (42 days)

67
Q

what is the main difference in extensive and intensive pig production programs?

A

Extensive- sows and piglets have access to outdoor paddocks/pasture

68
Q

T/F: if sows can see a boar they will come into heat sooner

A

true

69
Q 
Which of the following is native to N. America? 
A. camelus bacterianus 
B. Bos grunniens 
C. Meleagris gallopavo
D. Rhea Americana
A

C. Meleagris gallopavo

70
Q

What differentiates a ratite from other avian species?

A

Ratites do not have a keel.

71
Q

what is the second largest ratite? (Australian)

A

Dromaius novaehollandiae (Emu)

72
Q

Ratite in S. America?

A

Rhea

73
Q

what is commonly used to move ostrichs’ and reduce stress?

A

putting a hood over their eyes

74
Q

what is a common problem in ratites bred for production?

A

angular limb deformities

75
Q

what products are sold from Ostrich production?

A

eggs, feathers, leather, eggs, chicks, meat

76
Q

how long is the gestation of a pig?

A

115 days

77
Q

how long is the gestation of most S. American camelids?

A

11 months

78
Q

what is the 2nd largest producer of milk worldwide? (species)

A

Water Buffalo

RUSVM Animal Production Summer 2017 (2 decks)

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