exam 1

Question 1

Why is veterinary virology important?

Answer 1

• high mortality and morbidity due to virus in animals and birds
• financial losses
• zoonoses

Question 2

virology

Answer 2

study of viruses and viral diseases

Question 3

virologist

Answer 3

someone who studies viruses

Question 4

virus

Answer 4

• non-living
• contain nucleic acid genome (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat or other layers of material such as lipid envelope
• do not possess standard cellular organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, ER with ribosomes)
• cannot make energy or proteins by themselves
• obligate intracellular parasites (need host cell to live)
• do not have genetic capability to multiply by division, during virus reproduction must be assembled

Question 5

viron

Answer 5

-complete virus particle with DNA or RNA core with protein coat, sometimes external envelopes, extracellular infective form of virus

Question 6

virus

Answer 6

used to describe any aspect of the infectious agent and includes: infectious virion, inactivated virus particle, or viral nucleic acid and protein in infected cell

Question 7

viroid

Answer 7

infectious particle smaller than any of the known viruses, agent in certain plant diseases, small circular RNA molecule, lacking protein coat of a virus

Question 8

Edward Jenner

Answer 8

• inoculated cowpox (probably infected pus) repeatedly into arms of healthy 8 year old boy who became immune and did not succumb to small pox
• vaccination is derived from the Latin word “vacca” meaning “cow”

Question 9

Louis Pasteur

Answer 9

-injected dried potassium hydroxide treated infected rabbit brain material into two boys bitten by rabid dogs and they both recovered

Question 10

Chamberland filter

Answer 10

• has pores smaller than bacteria
• pioneered the discovery of viruses
• used in tobacco mosaic virus experiment

Question 11

Dmitri Ivanoski

Answer 11

-did research on tobacco mosaic virus by filtering cell debris from cell filtrate

Question 12

Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch

Answer 12

passed first animal virus through a filter (Chamberland filter) and discovered cause of foot and mouth disease

Question 13

Walter Reed

Answer 13

discovered yellow fever is transmitted through mosquitoes

Question 14

Peyton Rous

Answer 14

-isolated the first tumor causing animal virus (oncogenic virus)- Rous sarcoma virus

Question 15

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll

Answer 15

invented the electron microscope

Question 16

Viruses in eggs

Answer 16

fowlpox virus was the first virus to be sucessfully propagated in embryonated hen’s egg

Question 17

Sanford et al.

Answer 17

culture of isolated mammalian cells

Question 18

Enders et al

Answer 18

growth of poliovirus in cell culture

Question 19

Dulbecco and Vogt

Answer 19

plaque assay for first animal virus- poliovirus

Question 20

What is the only animal disease considered globally eradicated?

Answer 20

Rinderpest