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Botany > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Highly volatile compound directly involved in communication between different plants in response to herbivory

A

Methyl salicylate

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2
Q

Role of expansins in cell wall growth

A

In response to increased acidity (lower pH), expansins increase cell wall plasticity by disrupting hydrogen bonding

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3
Q

Compartments of adjacent cells are interconnected by the annulus of a plasmodesmata

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q 
Which of the following cell/tissue types is non-living at maturity? 
A. collenchyma
B. phloem
C. xylem
D. parenchyma
E. none of the above
A

C. Xylem

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5
Q

Type of cells that is instrumental in wound healing and regeneration

A

Parenchyma

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6
Q

Thigmotropism is to ________ as _______ is to phototropism.

A

Touch, light

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7
Q 
Which of the following consists of secondary tissues?
A. pericycle
B. periderm
C. epidermis 
D. endodermis
E. vascular bundle
A

B. periderm

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8
Q

It is known that plant hormones are relatively small molecules of low molecular weight. Which if the following characteristics of plant cells best accounts for the size of plant hormones?

A

Plant cell walls consist of a relatively tight meshwork of fibers that limit the movement of large molecules.

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9
Q

In a laboratory experiment, a plant biochemist analyzes the chemical composition of the plasma membrane from several plant species as a function of changing temperature. Which of the following changes in membrane composition is expected to occur as temperature range from high (hotter) to low (colder)?

A

The concentration of unsaturated phospholipids will increase

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10
Q

Plasma membrane is to _____ as tonoplast is to _____.

A

Cell, vacuole

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11
Q

As part of a research program, a plant cell biologist isolates plastids from tubers of Irish potato. Which of the following types of plastids is expected to be well represented in the population of isolated plastids?

A

Amyloplasts

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12
Q

The cell wall of mature (i.e. no longer growing) support tissue such as schlerenchyma typically consist of:

A

Both primary and secondary cell walls

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13
Q

Which of the following are functions of vacuoles?
A. storage of substances that might otherwise be toxic to the cell
B. accommodate growth while minimizing the synthesis of new cytoplasm
C. Control of water and ion movement (osmoregulation)
D. All of the above

A

D.

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14
Q 
Which of the ff. processes and/or structures is important in maintaining turgor within plant cells?
A. osmosis
B. the cell wall
C. storage in the vacuole
D. active transport
E. B and C above
A

E. B and C above

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15
Q

A molecule is transported across the plasma membrane of a cell by facilitated diffusion. Which of the following statements regarding this molecule is expected to be correct?
A. The molecule was transported against the concentration gradient (i.e., from hypotonic to hypertonic)
B. the molecule is probably small and uncharged (i.e., hydrophobic)
C. The molecule is probably large and/or charged (hydrophilic)
D. The molecule is probably a protein
E. the molecule did not require a protein for assistance in transport

A

C. The molecule is probably large and/or charged (hydrophilic)

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16
Q

What is a characteristic of phospholipids that makes them well suited for the formation and maintenance of a bilayer around the cell?

A

They are amphipathic.

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17
Q

Proper order in which layers of the cell wall and associated structures would be encountered proceeding outward from the plasma membrane

A

Secondary cell wall, primary cell wall, middle lamellae

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18
Q

The blockage of conducting tissues by air bubbles

A

Cavitation

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19
Q

Fundamental difference between cortex and pith of a stem

A

The location of these regions in the stem

Cortex is outside, pith is inside

20
Q

Functions of trichomes

A

Reflection of solar radiation
Reduction of water loss
Absorption of water and minerals
Retards the formation of surface films on leaves

21
Q

The outside of a cell has a high concentration of solute with respect to the inside. This means that:

A

Water will move from inside to outside the cell

22
Q

A detailed histological analysis of a stem cross section reveals certain cells that have a cell wall, plasma membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum but lack a nucleus, Golgi apparatus and ribosomes. All walls of these cells have pores of a single uniform size. This is most likely a:

A

Sieve cell

23
Q 
Unlike phloem cells, xylem cells:
A. Are living at maturity
B. have associated companion cells
C. Conduct water and dissolved minerals
D. Have openings in their side walls only
E. have p-protein in their cytoplasm
A

C.

24
Q

Cellular apoptosis is required for the normal development of:

A

Xylem

25
Q

The principal polysaccharide of the cell wall is:

A

Cellulose

26
Q

Which of the ff. is characteristic of a primary pit field?
A. the absence of cell wall
B. the absence of plasmodesmata
C. the presence of secondary wall only
D. the presence of a thickened primary wall
E. none of the above

A

E

27
Q

Which of the following statements regarding primary and secondary growth is true?
A. Primary growth adds length to a stem or branch; secondary growth adds diameter to a stem or branch
B. Primary growth is initiated by cell division in the vascular cambium, secondary growth is initiated by cell division in the procambium
C. Secondary growth produces woody tissue, primary growth does not
D. All of the above
E. A and C abov

A

E

28
Q

With respect to the organization of the plant body, the stem would be part of the:

A

Shoot system

29
Q

With regards to the structure of plasmodesmata, annulus is to _____ as desmotubule is to ______.

A

Cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum lumen

30
Q

Plants have the ability to grow throughout their lifetime and with respect to grow are limited mostly by resource availability (as opposed to genetically programmed constraints). This ability is called:

A

Indeterminate growth

31
Q

Which of the following organelles or structures is most critical in minimizing expenditure of resources required for growth?

A

Vacuole

32
Q

A leucoplast that functions in oil storage

A

Elaioplast

33
Q

Type of plastid expected to be most commonly found in flowers and fruits

A

Chromoplast

34
Q

Which environmental factor is most critical in causing the development of chloroplasts?

A

Light

35
Q

_______ is to guard cell as companion cell is to ______.

A

Subsidiary cell, sieve tube member

36
Q

Which of the following is central in regulating both gas exchange and water loss in plants?

A

Guard cells

37
Q

What are the components of the periderm?

A

Cork cambium
Cork
Periderm

38
Q

A partially differentiated chloroplast

A

Etioplast

39
Q

Chlorenchyma is to ______ as ______ is to leaf.

A

Stem, mesothelioma

40
Q

Transport process that is spontaneous and protein assisted

A

Facilitated diffusion

41
Q

A certain below ground plant part that has nodes and internodes on it

A

Rhizome

42
Q

The repetitive structural unit of the shoot is

A

Phytomere

43
Q

Roles of Mucigel sheath

A

Facilitating the passage of roots through soil
Making nutrients more readily accessible to the plant
Stimulating the metabolic activity of soil bacteria

44
Q

The movement of a water molecule through the tissues of a root (starting from a root hair on the outside to the vascular bundle at the center)

A

May be symplastic only or both symplastic and apoplastic

45
Q

In the root, the Casparian strips are closely associated with:

A

The endodermis

46
Q

If there are 3 or more leaves at a node, the phyllotaxy is:

A

Whorled

Botany (4 decks)

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