Exam 1

Question 1

Highly volatile compound directly involved in communication between different plants in response to herbivory

Answer 1

Methyl salicylate

Question 2

Role of expansins in cell wall growth

Answer 2

In response to increased acidity (lower pH), expansins increase cell wall plasticity by disrupting hydrogen bonding

Question 3

Compartments of adjacent cells are interconnected by the annulus of a plasmodesmata

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Which of the following cell/tissue types is non-living at maturity? 
A. collenchyma
B. phloem
C. xylem
D. parenchyma
E. none of the above

Answer 4

C. Xylem

Question 5

Type of cells that is instrumental in wound healing and regeneration

Answer 5

Parenchyma

Question 6

Thigmotropism is to ________ as _______ is to phototropism.

Answer 6

Touch, light

Question 7

Which of the following consists of secondary tissues?
A. pericycle
B. periderm
C. epidermis 
D. endodermis
E. vascular bundle

Answer 7

B. periderm

Question 8

It is known that plant hormones are relatively small molecules of low molecular weight. Which if the following characteristics of plant cells best accounts for the size of plant hormones?

Answer 8

Plant cell walls consist of a relatively tight meshwork of fibers that limit the movement of large molecules.

Question 9

In a laboratory experiment, a plant biochemist analyzes the chemical composition of the plasma membrane from several plant species as a function of changing temperature. Which of the following changes in membrane composition is expected to occur as temperature range from high (hotter) to low (colder)?

Answer 9

The concentration of unsaturated phospholipids will increase

Question 10

Plasma membrane is to _____ as tonoplast is to _____.

Answer 10

Cell, vacuole

Question 11

As part of a research program, a plant cell biologist isolates plastids from tubers of Irish potato. Which of the following types of plastids is expected to be well represented in the population of isolated plastids?

Answer 11

Amyloplasts

Question 12

The cell wall of mature (i.e. no longer growing) support tissue such as schlerenchyma typically consist of:

Answer 12

Both primary and secondary cell walls

Question 13

Which of the following are functions of vacuoles?
A. storage of substances that might otherwise be toxic to the cell
B. accommodate growth while minimizing the synthesis of new cytoplasm
C. Control of water and ion movement (osmoregulation)
D. All of the above

Answer 13

D.

Question 14

Which of the ff. processes and/or structures is important in maintaining turgor within plant cells?
A. osmosis
B. the cell wall
C. storage in the vacuole
D. active transport
E. B and C above

Answer 14

E. B and C above

Question 15

A molecule is transported across the plasma membrane of a cell by facilitated diffusion. Which of the following statements regarding this molecule is expected to be correct?
A. The molecule was transported against the concentration gradient (i.e., from hypotonic to hypertonic)
B. the molecule is probably small and uncharged (i.e., hydrophobic)
C. The molecule is probably large and/or charged (hydrophilic)
D. The molecule is probably a protein
E. the molecule did not require a protein for assistance in transport

Answer 15

C. The molecule is probably large and/or charged (hydrophilic)

Question 16

What is a characteristic of phospholipids that makes them well suited for the formation and maintenance of a bilayer around the cell?

Answer 16

They are amphipathic.

Question 17

Proper order in which layers of the cell wall and associated structures would be encountered proceeding outward from the plasma membrane

Answer 17

Secondary cell wall, primary cell wall, middle lamellae

Question 18

The blockage of conducting tissues by air bubbles

Answer 18

Cavitation

Question 19

Fundamental difference between cortex and pith of a stem

Answer 19

The location of these regions in the stem

Cortex is outside, pith is inside

Question 20

Functions of trichomes

Answer 20

Reflection of solar radiation
Reduction of water loss
Absorption of water and minerals
Retards the formation of surface films on leaves

Question 21

The outside of a cell has a high concentration of solute with respect to the inside. This means that:

Answer 21

Water will move from inside to outside the cell

Question 22

A detailed histological analysis of a stem cross section reveals certain cells that have a cell wall, plasma membrane, and endoplasmic reticulum but lack a nucleus, Golgi apparatus and ribosomes. All walls of these cells have pores of a single uniform size. This is most likely a:

Answer 22

Sieve cell

Question 23

Unlike phloem cells, xylem cells:
A. Are living at maturity
B. have associated companion cells
C. Conduct water and dissolved minerals
D. Have openings in their side walls only
E. have p-protein in their cytoplasm

Answer 23

C.

Question 24

Cellular apoptosis is required for the normal development of:

Answer 24

Xylem

Question 25

The principal polysaccharide of the cell wall is:

Answer 25

Cellulose

Question 26

Which of the ff. is characteristic of a primary pit field? A. the absence of cell wall B. the absence of plasmodesmata C. the presence of secondary wall only D. the presence of a thickened primary wall E. none of the above

Answer 26

E

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding primary and secondary growth is true? A. Primary growth adds length to a stem or branch; secondary growth adds diameter to a stem or branch B. Primary growth is initiated by cell division in the vascular cambium, secondary growth is initiated by cell division in the procambium C. Secondary growth produces woody tissue, primary growth does not D. All of the above E. A and C abov

Answer 27

E

Question 28

With respect to the organization of the plant body, the stem would be part of the:

Answer 28

Shoot system

Question 29

With regards to the structure of plasmodesmata, annulus is to _____ as desmotubule is to ______.

Answer 29

Cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum lumen

Question 30

Plants have the ability to grow throughout their lifetime and with respect to grow are limited mostly by resource availability (as opposed to genetically programmed constraints). This ability is called:

Answer 30

Indeterminate growth

Question 31

Which of the following organelles or structures is most critical in minimizing expenditure of resources required for growth?

Answer 31

Vacuole

Question 32

A leucoplast that functions in oil storage

Answer 32

Elaioplast

Question 33

Type of plastid expected to be most commonly found in flowers and fruits

Answer 33

Chromoplast

Question 34

Which environmental factor is most critical in causing the development of chloroplasts?

Answer 34

Light

Question 35

_______ is to guard cell as companion cell is to ______.

Answer 35

Subsidiary cell, sieve tube member

Question 36

Which of the following is central in regulating both gas exchange and water loss in plants?

Answer 36

Guard cells

Question 37

What are the components of the periderm?

Answer 37

Cork cambium Cork Periderm

Question 38

A partially differentiated chloroplast

Answer 38

Etioplast

Question 39

Chlorenchyma is to ______ as ______ is to leaf.

Answer 39

Stem, mesothelioma

Question 40

Transport process that is spontaneous and protein assisted

Answer 40

Facilitated diffusion

Question 41

A certain below ground plant part that has nodes and internodes on it

Answer 41

Rhizome

Question 42

The repetitive structural unit of the shoot is

Answer 42

Phytomere

Question 43

Roles of Mucigel sheath

Answer 43

Facilitating the passage of roots through soil Making nutrients more readily accessible to the plant Stimulating the metabolic activity of soil bacteria

Question 44

The movement of a water molecule through the tissues of a root (starting from a root hair on the outside to the vascular bundle at the center)

Answer 44

May be symplastic only or both symplastic and apoplastic

Question 45

In the root, the Casparian strips are closely associated with:

Answer 45

The endodermis

Question 46

If there are 3 or more leaves at a node, the phyllotaxy is:

Answer 46

Whorled