Exam 1 Flashcards
You are treating a patient with organophosphate poisoning that resulted in increased parasympathetic stimulation. You expect his pupils to be ______ (constricted/dilated).
Constricted
A patient presents with a large pituitary tumor that is pressing against the optic chiasm. Which visual fields do you expect to be affected?
Right temporal, left temporal
You are examining a patient’s EOMs. You move your finger laterally from the midline to the patient’s left. The right eye tracks normally, but the left eye remains fixed at midline. Which muscle and nerve are affected?
Left lateral rectus, CN VI
You are caring for an intubated/mechanically ventilated patient. Name three functions of the nose that your equipment and ventilator parameters might need to compensate for.
Warm inspired air
Clean inspired air
Humidify air
A patient experiences localized damage to nasal mucosa inferior to the inferior turbinate. Do you expect her sense of smell to be altered?
No, the olfactory region of the nose is in the upper third.
A patient with type A blood has ______ antigens and ______ antibodies.
A, anti-B
The universal blood donor is type ______.
O
If you required a blood transfusion, but could not be typed beforehand, you would hope to have which blood type?
AB
Maternal/fetal transmission of antibodies results in ______ (passive/active) immunity for the baby.
Passive
A stressed-out PA student has a good cry after a pharmacology quiz. Some of the tears drain into the nose via the ______ duct that empties behind the ______ turbinate.
Nasolacrimal, inferior
______ are color-sensitive and concentrated near the fovea.
Cones
You are treating a trauma patient who is experiencing acute inflammation. What are the five cardinal signs that you expect to see?
Pain, redness, swelling, heat, loss of function
Systemic effects of inflammation are much more common in ______ (acute/chronic) inflammation.
Acute
Edema is caused by ______ (increased/decreased) vascular permeability.
Increased
Generally, capillaries near the site of an injury ______ (constrict/dilate) in response to mediators including histamine and ______.
dilate, nitric oxide
In acute inflammation, leukocytes move from the vascular space into the tissue via ______. Within the tissue, these cells move via ______.
diapedesis, chemotaxis
The predominant phagocyte in early inflmmation is the ______.
Neutrophil
Objects in the lateral visual field are perceived by the ipsilateral ______ (lateral/medial) retina and contralateral ______ (lateral/medial) retina. On the ipsilateral side, these signals ______ (do/don’t) cross over at the chiasm. On the contralateral side, these signals ______ (do/don’t) cross over at the chiasm.
medial, lateral, do, don’t
In low light conditions, ______ (rods/cones) are the dominant photoreceptors.
Rods
A non-diabetic patient presents with chronic hypoglycemia. To assess her body’s insulin production, what should you measure?
C protein (or peptide)
Insulin ______ (promotes/inhibits) glycogenesis.
promotes
You are treating a patient who has islet cell antibodies. With which disease is this finding most consistent?
Type I DM
Serum hyperglycemia can lead to protein glycosloation. Which complication of DM does this cause?
vascular damage
A 13 year-old non-obese patient presents with a 3 week history of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and weight loss. His condition is likely due to insulin ______ (insensitivity/deficiency).
Deficiency
A patient in DKA presents with a respiratory rate of 38 breaths per minute and a tidal volume (amount of air inhaled per breath) of 600 ml. The patient is sedated, intubated, and placed on mechanical ventilation with the rate set at 12 breaths per minute and tidal volume at 450 ml. Do you expect the patient’s acidosis to improve or get worse?
Get worse…much, much worse
A patient presents with tachycardia and hypertension as a result of thyroid disease. You expect the T4 to be ____ (high/low).
High
A patient with an iodine-deficient diet presents with a goiter. Which thyroid disorder do you suspect?
Hypothyroidism
Anti-TPO antibodies are present in which disease?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
You are treating a trauma patient who is in hypovolemic shock. Normally, you would expect the patient to be tachycardic (a compensatory mechanism), but this patient has a normal heart rate. Which endocrine disorder might you suspect?
Adrenal insufficiency
Which blood test measures glycosylated hemoglobin?
Hb A1C
A patient presents with lethargy, muscle weakness, and nausea/vomiting. There is a positive Chvostek’s sign. Which hormone could cause these findings, and is it hyper or hypo?
hyperparathyroid
You are considering administering tPA (a drug that dissolves blood clots that cause strokes but has significant potential for complications) to a patient. Her neurological examination is remarkable for right-sided facial droop. The right side of the brow is also drooping. Based on this finding, are you more or less likely to give tPA? Why?
Less likely, these symptoms are consistent with Bell’s Palsy
The facial nerve and the ______ nerve both pass through the ______ ______ meatus.
vestibulocochlear, internal auditory
You ask your patient to look down and to the left. Which two cranial nerves might you be assessing?
III and IV
Neutrophils move along the inner lining of blood vessels. This is called ______.
Margination