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American Heritage > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Problem of Government

A

Potential for harm
How can we enjoy benefits along with harm?
Human predicament cycle: Tyranny –> Revolution –> Anarchy –> Competing Groups –>

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2
Q

Sovereignty

A

the ultimate authority in a political jurisdiction; final say

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3
Q

“Given a choice between chaos and despotism, people will choose _______ every time.”

A

despotism

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4
Q

Source of Government

A

State of Nature → Infringement of rights → Social Compact (purpose to protect rights of citizens) → Gains legitimacy → If Gov. doesn’t uphold rights, can overthrow

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5
Q

Autocracy

A

People like children; require direction & control. Role of gov is to prevent disorder, protect gov interests

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6
Q

Classical Republicanism

A

People are not corrupt, but corruptible, require education and direction. Role of gov is to guard individual rights, encourage civil virtue, and provide structure

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7
Q

Libertarian

A
  • People can be trusted to pursue own self interest w/o gov interference.
  • some good some bad
  • Examples: Tea Party, Libertarians
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8
Q

Liberalism

A

People are essentially good, but institutions corrupt. Role of gov is to get rid of corrupting conditions.

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9
Q

Evils of Democracy

A
  • Factionalism
  • Corruption
  • Structural Flaws i.e. low participation, hasty actions
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10
Q

Establishing Political Legitimacy

A
  • Approval of the gods (divine right)
  • Religious Authority
  • Lineage
  • Intelligence/wisdom
  • History
  • Consent
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11
Q

Political Economy

A

Intersection between a nation’s economic activities and its governmental policies

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12
Q

Virtue

A

a quality or characteristic of a person or thing

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13
Q

The Classical Model

A

Ancient Rome, Greek models of government

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14
Q

Characteristics of a good society

A

Prosperity, wide spread political participation, creating literature and history

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15
Q

Corporate Colony

A
  • Has Charter from king
  • Purpose is trade
  • example: Virginia
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16
Q

Covenant Colony

A
  • No charter
  • Purpose more religious
  • example: Pilgrims
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17
Q

“We shall be as a _____ __ _ ____… the eyes of all people are on us.”

A

city on a hill

-John Winthrop

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18
Q

Christian Calling

A

The protestant work ethic; hard work is characteristic of a good Christian

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19
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person’s release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.
_Magna Carta and Petition of Rights both talk about

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20
Q

English Civil War

A
  • Charles I executed
  • Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector of England”
  • Restoration of Monarchy (Charles II) under certain conditions
  • James II
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21
Q

The Glorious Revolution

A
  • William and Mary
  • James II flees
  • Little if any deaths
  • Protestant reinstated from Catholic
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22
Q

The Bill of Rights, 1689

A
  • Parliament Supremacy
  • King can’t suspend parliamentary laws
  • No standing armies
  • Can’t remove judges
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23
Q

“In no country, perhaps the world, is ___ so general a study.”

A
  • law

- Edmund Burke

24
Q

The Rule of Law

A
  • Ste of principles, if respected, ensure that laws protect natural rights
  • Nations with rule of law are predictable, stable, and fair with working societies
25
Q

5 Principles of Rule of Law

A
  • Generality
  • Due Process
  • Prospectivity
  • Publicity
  • Consent
26
Q

Generality

A

Must apply to broad categories of people

27
Q

Prospectivity

A

Law must apply to future action, not past

28
Q

Publicity

A

Must be known and enforced regularly and broadly

29
Q

Consent

A

People agree to laws and/or elected officials that make them

30
Q

Due Process

A

The law must be administered impartially (enforced equally)

31
Q

Command System

A
  • Government controls
  • example: Mercantilism (benefit of crown)
  • Wealth defined by crown’s assets and gold
32
Q

Market System

A
  • Self interest
  • laisser-faire
  • less government interference
  • example: capitalism
  • Wealth defined by yearly amount of production/consumption per capita
33
Q

Law of Comparative Advantage

A
  • An individual will produce at least one good/service at a lower opportunity cost then others
  • specialize in whatever you have the lowest opportunity cost for
  • trade benefits both parties
34
Q

The Law of Supply

A

Businesses will produce, or supply, more of a good/service as the price of that good/service increases (directly related)

35
Q

The Law of Demand

A

As the price of a good/service rises, the demand for that good/service falls (inversely related)

36
Q

Sacrcity

A

High demand, but low supply

37
Q

Role of Profit

A

Acts as signal for businesses to invest more and encourages competition

38
Q

Role of Losses

A

Acts as signal to shift investments to other industries

39
Q

Supply and Demand Graph

A 
l  *                           * supply
          l        *             *
price  l              * ---------------- equilibrium price
          l        *          *
          l_*\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* demand
                   quantity
40
Q

Role of Government in Economy

A 
Prevent fraud (trade must be voluntary)
    Provide monetary system
    Provide infrastructure (transportation)
    Define property rights
    Enforce exchange agreements
41
Q

Role of Money

A

eliminates need for coincidence of wants

42
Q

Opportunity Cost

A

the most valuable option you did not take

43
Q

Simple Exchange (barter)

A

both buyer and seller believe they benefit, or they would not participate in exchange

44
Q

The Colonial Status Quo

A
  • Self government
  • Elected assemblies in colonies
  • Assemblies held “power of the purse”
  • British practiced “salutary neglect”
45
Q

What Provoked American Resistance?

A
  • Increased imperial bureaucracy
  • Renewed enforcement of Navigation Act
  • Proclamation line of 1763 (Appalachian mountains)
  • Legislation for colonies (all the “Acts”)
46
Q

Why did England feel justified in establishing all of the “Acts”?

A
  • to raise revenue to pay debts from 7 years war

- the war was protecting the colonies

47
Q

Colonists’ Responses

A 
- Inter-colonial cooperation
  >Non-important agreements
  >Committees of correspondance
  >Inter-colonial associations
      *Sons of Liberty
      *Colonial Congress
- Riots/resistance
- Protests/petitions
- example: Boston Tea Party
48
Q

Imperial Responses

A
  • The Coercive Acts
  • Quartering Act
  • Close down assemblies
49
Q

The Whig party

A

Sympathized with colonists

50
Q

The Battles of Lexington and Concord

A
  • First shot of Revolutionary War (shot heard around the world)
  • Both sides blamed other for the first shot
51
Q

How did patriots justify separation with Britain?

A
  • violation of rights of Englishmen
  • no taxation without consent
  • no fair trial by jury of peers
52
Q

What helped Unify the Colonies?

A
  • The War
  • Declaration of Independence
  • George Washington
53
Q

Why did Americans win?

A
  • Unity
  • Continental Army (instead of each colony having own)
  • Symbolic victories
  • Clear sense of divine intervention
  • Mass communication
  • “Common sense” by Thomas Paine
  • Alliance with French
  • Battle at Yorktown
54
Q

Why did British loose?

A
  • Discord

- Disagreement with leadership (how to punish patriots)

55
Q

Newburgh Consperacy

A

Washington averted the situation by appealing to their sense of virtue.

American Heritage (1 decks)

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