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American Heritage > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Problem of Government

A

Potential for harm
How can we enjoy benefits along with harm?
Human predicament cycle: Tyranny –> Revolution –> Anarchy –> Competing Groups –>

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2
Q

Sovereignty

A

the ultimate authority in a political jurisdiction; final say

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3
Q

“Given a choice between chaos and despotism, people will choose _______ every time.”

A

despotism

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4
Q

Source of Government

A

State of Nature → Infringement of rights → Social Compact (purpose to protect rights of citizens) → Gains legitimacy → If Gov. doesn’t uphold rights, can overthrow

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5
Q

Autocracy

A

People like children; require direction & control. Role of gov is to prevent disorder, protect gov interests

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6
Q

Classical Republicanism

A

People are not corrupt, but corruptible, require education and direction. Role of gov is to guard individual rights, encourage civil virtue, and provide structure

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7
Q

Libertarian

A
  • People can be trusted to pursue own self interest w/o gov interference.
  • some good some bad
  • Examples: Tea Party, Libertarians
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8
Q

Liberalism

A

People are essentially good, but institutions corrupt. Role of gov is to get rid of corrupting conditions.

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9
Q

Evils of Democracy

A
  • Factionalism
  • Corruption
  • Structural Flaws i.e. low participation, hasty actions
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10
Q

Establishing Political Legitimacy

A
  • Approval of the gods (divine right)
  • Religious Authority
  • Lineage
  • Intelligence/wisdom
  • History
  • Consent
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11
Q

Political Economy

A

Intersection between a nation’s economic activities and its governmental policies

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12
Q

Virtue

A

a quality or characteristic of a person or thing

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13
Q

The Classical Model

A

Ancient Rome, Greek models of government

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14
Q

Characteristics of a good society

A

Prosperity, wide spread political participation, creating literature and history

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15
Q

Corporate Colony

A
  • Has Charter from king
  • Purpose is trade
  • example: Virginia
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16
Q

Covenant Colony

A
  • No charter
  • Purpose more religious
  • example: Pilgrims
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17
Q

“We shall be as a _____ __ _ ____… the eyes of all people are on us.”

A

city on a hill

-John Winthrop

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18
Q

Christian Calling

A

The protestant work ethic; hard work is characteristic of a good Christian

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19
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person’s release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.
_Magna Carta and Petition of Rights both talk about

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20
Q

English Civil War

A
  • Charles I executed
  • Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector of England”
  • Restoration of Monarchy (Charles II) under certain conditions
  • James II
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21
Q

The Glorious Revolution

A
  • William and Mary
  • James II flees
  • Little if any deaths
  • Protestant reinstated from Catholic
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22
Q

The Bill of Rights, 1689

A
  • Parliament Supremacy
  • King can’t suspend parliamentary laws
  • No standing armies
  • Can’t remove judges
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23
Q

“In no country, perhaps the world, is ___ so general a study.”

A
  • law

- Edmund Burke

24
Q

The Rule of Law

A
  • Ste of principles, if respected, ensure that laws protect natural rights
  • Nations with rule of law are predictable, stable, and fair with working societies
25
5 Principles of Rule of Law
- Generality - Due Process - Prospectivity - Publicity - Consent
26
Generality
Must apply to broad categories of people
27
Prospectivity
Law must apply to future action, not past
28
Publicity
Must be known and enforced regularly and broadly
29
Consent
People agree to laws and/or elected officials that make them
30
Due Process
The law must be administered impartially (enforced equally)
31
Command System
- Government controls - example: Mercantilism (benefit of crown) - Wealth defined by crown's assets and gold
32
Market System
- Self interest - laisser-faire - less government interference - example: capitalism - Wealth defined by yearly amount of production/consumption per capita
33
Law of Comparative Advantage
- An individual will produce at least one good/service at a lower opportunity cost then others - specialize in whatever you have the lowest opportunity cost for - trade benefits both parties
34
The Law of Supply
Businesses will produce, or supply, more of a good/service as the price of that good/service increases (directly related)
35
The Law of Demand
As the price of a good/service rises, the demand for that good/service falls (inversely related)
36
Sacrcity
High demand, but low supply
37
Role of Profit
Acts as signal for businesses to invest more and encourages competition
38
Role of Losses
Acts as signal to shift investments to other industries
39
Supply and Demand Graph
``` l * * supply l * * price l * ---------------- equilibrium price l * * l_*___________* demand quantity ```
40
Role of Government in Economy
``` Prevent fraud (trade must be voluntary) Provide monetary system Provide infrastructure (transportation) Define property rights Enforce exchange agreements ```
41
Role of Money
eliminates need for coincidence of wants
42
Opportunity Cost
the most valuable option you did not take
43
Simple Exchange (barter)
both buyer and seller believe they benefit, or they would not participate in exchange
44
The Colonial Status Quo
- Self government - Elected assemblies in colonies - Assemblies held "power of the purse" - British practiced "salutary neglect"
45
What Provoked American Resistance?
- Increased imperial bureaucracy - Renewed enforcement of Navigation Act - Proclamation line of 1763 (Appalachian mountains) - Legislation for colonies (all the "Acts")
46
Why did England feel justified in establishing all of the "Acts"?
- to raise revenue to pay debts from 7 years war | - the war was protecting the colonies
47
Colonists' Responses
``` - Inter-colonial cooperation >Non-important agreements >Committees of correspondance >Inter-colonial associations *Sons of Liberty *Colonial Congress - Riots/resistance - Protests/petitions - example: Boston Tea Party ```
48
Imperial Responses
- The Coercive Acts - Quartering Act - Close down assemblies
49
The Whig party
Sympathized with colonists
50
The Battles of Lexington and Concord
- First shot of Revolutionary War (shot heard around the world) - Both sides blamed other for the first shot
51
How did patriots justify separation with Britain?
- violation of rights of Englishmen - no taxation without consent - no fair trial by jury of peers
52
What helped Unify the Colonies?
- The War - Declaration of Independence - George Washington
53
Why did Americans win?
- Unity - Continental Army (instead of each colony having own) - Symbolic victories - Clear sense of divine intervention - Mass communication - "Common sense" by Thomas Paine - Alliance with French - Battle at Yorktown
54
Why did British loose?
- Discord | - Disagreement with leadership (how to punish patriots)
55
Newburgh Consperacy
Washington averted the situation by appealing to their sense of virtue.

American Heritage (1 decks)

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