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PSYCH 341 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

evolutionary theory

A

genes/replication, natural selection, fitness

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2
Q

Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness

A

cognition
sociality
mind as subsystems

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3
Q

mind as subsystems

A

triune brain, we don’t have to think about breathing, walking, etc.

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4
Q

EEA years

A

2 million - 10,000 BC (Pleistocene Era)

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5
Q

mating

A

importance: so your genes get passed on
male strategies: spread widely
female strategies: spread wisely

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6
Q

theories of evolution

A

atheistic evolution
creationism
intelligent design
theistic evolution

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7
Q

creationism

A

God created the earth in 6 days or 6,000 years

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8
Q

intelligent design

A

things couldn’t have evolved on their own, there has to be something behind it

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9
Q

theistic evolution

A

God created us and evolution and is still involved in evolution

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10
Q

epigenetics

A

our genes are expressed within an environmental context

there’s possibility for change

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11
Q

key epigenetic studies

A

Jirtle
Esteller
Meaney

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12
Q

Jirtle

A

mice and diet, Agouti gene, soy diet could reverse fat, yellow gene

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13
Q

Esteller

A

identical twins, older twins have more differences in their phenotype
lifestyle choices and environmental exposures change epigenome

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14
Q

Meaney

A

rat mothers and offspring
cross-fostering: switching children
adult health is more impacted by mother’s behavior—stress response, ability to cope, etc.

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15
Q

aggression (EEA)

A

social hierarchies

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16
Q

altruism (EEA)

A

to make sure your genes survive by taking care of people who are close to you, able to get along in groups, hoping for reciprocation of kindness

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17
Q

A attachment style

A

avoidant

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18
Q

B attachment style

A

secure

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19
Q

C attachment style

A

anxious

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20
Q

D attachment style

A

disorganized/distrustful

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21
Q

Why does attachment matter?

A

sets the tone for temperament

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22
Q

classical conditioning

A

stimulus and associations, pairing

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23
Q

operant conditioning

A

rewards and punishments

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24
Q

most addictive reward schedule

A

variable interval and variable ratio

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25
Q

best way to treat phobias

A

exposure therapy

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26
Q

expectancies and values

A

Julian Rotter
there are such things as classical operant conditioning, but it’s not as simple as trying to condition a pigeon because we have different expectancies and values (what we think about things and how we value things is going to impact how we are conditioned by things)

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27
Q

observational learning

A

Bandura Bobo doll

people learn a lot by observing without conditioning

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28
Q

self-efficacy

A

sense of belief in self is related to success in life

29
Q

microcontexts

A

room, setting, group, FHE example

30
Q

macrocontexts

A

gender, race, socioeconomic status

31
Q

low SES macrocontext

A

value obedience more, more worried about having a stable future and outcome

32
Q

high SES macrocontext

A

more concerned about children having good experiences

33
Q

modernity (culture)

A

closer to individualism, development of the self, enlightenment, moving away from Industrial Revolution, less collectivistic

34
Q

The Hispanic Paradox

A

Hispanic immigrants are healthier than the average anglos even though they are low SES (they’re more socially and spiritually oriented).
As they acculturate over generations they are less healthy.

35
Q

Theophrastus

A

first written trait taxonomies (half joking)

36
Q

Eysenck

A 
three key traits (introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism) 
RAS and arousal (central nervous system) underlie personality
uncorrelated factors (so less factors)
depressants/stimulants for introverts/extraverts
37
Q

Cattell

A

factor analysis
16 personality factors
correlated factors (so more factors)

38
Q

Allport

A

first to argue for traits in 20th century
importance of traits
common trait
personal disposition—cardinal disposition (one or two traits that describe you), central disposition (5-10 regularly occurring things), secondary disposition (less critical things)

39
Q

Costa & McCrae

A

developed the NEO, contributed to 5 factors

40
Q

Hogan

A

getting along and getting ahead (EEA stuff)

41
Q

historical trait theories

A

body types, 4 humors, Theophrastus

42
Q

5 factor models

A

Big 5

circumplex: personality as agentic vs. communion

43
Q

super factors

A

Digman factors
socialization: agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism
growth of self: extraversion, openness

44
Q

construct validity

A

measuring what it says it’s measuring

45
Q

top trait measures

A

NEO (normal, everyday people)

MMPI (clinical setting)

46
Q

first MMPI

A

created by observing the family members of psychotic patients

47
Q

Cattell - data

A

L-data (life data)
Q-data (questionnaire data)
lab data: test data

48
Q

Cluster A

A

odd/eccentric—schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid

49
Q

Cluster B

A

emotionally unstable—histrionic, borderline, narcissistic, antisocial

50
Q

Cluster C

A

anxiety—dependant, avoidant, OCPD

51
Q

schizoid

A

disinterested in close relationships

52
Q

schizotypal

A

more detached interpersonal style, more willing to interact with people, odd duck

53
Q

paranoid

A

distrustful of others

54
Q

histrionic

A

overly dramatic, want attention

55
Q

narcissistic

A

overly strong opinion of yourself

56
Q

borderline

A

like schizophrenics, but not quite

severe instability

57
Q

antisocial

A

psychopathy/sociopathy, cruel, aggressive, criminal behavior

58
Q

dependent

A

don’t want to make decisions for yourself

59
Q

avoidant

A

fears criticism, feels inadequate in social situations

60
Q

OCPD

A

worse than OCD because you don’t realize you have a problem, more moderate than OCD in symptoms

61
Q

Walter Mischel

A

personality doesn’t predict behavior
aggregation is important
interactionism: situation and personality interact to produce behavior

62
Q

Epstein

A

aggregation across studies improves prediction

63
Q

mechanistic interactionism

A

straight up, need to know both situation and traits

64
Q

reciprocal interactionism

A

there is no objective playing field, it depends on the personalities

65
Q

conditional interactionism

A

Mischel, if/then statements

66
Q

personality disorders

A

lasting, not a short-term reaction, markedly deviates from a person’s culture

67
Q

reptilian brain

A

keeps you alive

68
Q

limbic system

A

mammalian brain, emotions

69
Q

neomammalian brain

A

thinking, planning

PSYCH 341 (3 decks)

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