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Advance Nutrition > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is bioenergetics?

A

study of energy transformations in the living organism?

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2
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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3
Q

what does catabolism do?

A

ADP to ATP

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4
Q

what does anabolism do?

A

ATP to ADP

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5
Q

what is phosphorylation?

A

the formation of a high energy phosphate bond

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6
Q

what are the two different kinds of phosphorylation?

A

substrate-level

oxidative

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7
Q

what is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

formation of high energy phosphate bond coupled directly with a substrate reaction

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8
Q

what is a substrate reaction?

A

reaction in which the substrate is a nutrient or part of a nutrient

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9
Q

what does energy come from?

A

starch
fat
mostly carbs

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10
Q

what is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

phosphorylation formation of high energy phosphate bonds coupled with process of electron transport

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11
Q

what is an electron transport chain?

A

a series of enzymes embedded in the inter membrane of mitochondria on which the process of electron transport takes place

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12
Q

what is the role of molecular oxygen?

A

serves as ultimate acceptance of electrons (hydrogen atoms) at the end of the electron transport chain

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13
Q

what is a cofactor?

A

helper enzyme catalyzes reactions

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14
Q

what are some oxidative reduction coenzymes or intermediate energy carriers?

A

NAD

FAD

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15
Q

what is oxidation?

A

loss of electrons

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16
Q

what is reduction?

A

gain of electrons

17
Q

what is glucose respiration?

A

complete catabolism of glucose under aerobic conditions

18
Q

what is aerobic?

A

presence of oxygen?

19
Q

what is the summary pathway of aerobic glycolysis?

A

glucose –> pyruvate

20
Q

where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytosol

21
Q

where does pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction (PDR) occur?

A

mitochondria

22
Q

what is the summary pathway for PDR?

A

pyruvate –> Acetyl CoA

23
Q

what is gluconeogenesis (GNG)?

A

formation of glucose from non-glucose precursors

24
Q

what is glycogenic?

A

capable substrate for GNG

25
Q

what is the summary pathway for GNG?

A

pyruvate –> glucose

26
Q

what product of GNG are not a reversal of glycolysis?

A

phosphoenolpyruvate
fructose - 6 - phosphate
glucose

Advance Nutrition (2 decks)

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