Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EAPS 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What was the Greeks role in early astronomy?

A

Believed in geocentric and that the earth was the center of the universe. First measurement of the Earth’s circumference.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Ptolemy do?

A

Created a model of the solar system. He explain retro motion by imaging that the planets orbited the Earth in epicycles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the zodiac constellations, what do they represent?

A

The sun, the moon, and the planets travel on a set path through the sky known as the ecliptic as the Earth rotates. The list of 13 constellations they pass through are known as the stars of the Zodiac.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the zodiac constellations?

A
  • Capricorn
  • Aquarius
  • Pisces
  • Aries
  • Taurus
  • Gemini
  • Cancer
  • Leo
  • Virgo
  • Libra
  • Scorpio
  • Ophiuchus
  • Sagittarius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Edwin Hubble’s great contribution to astronomy?

A

He created the first telescope. Up to this point astronomers believed that all the points of light in the sky represented stars. Hubble’s discovery demonstrated that the objects thought to be stars were all moving away from Earth and that the further away they were the faster they were moving. This implies that the universe was expanding and became known as Hubble’s Law.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the deep space image full of?

A

is an image of a small region of space in the constellation Fornax, containing an estimated 10,000 galaxies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a star, including our Sun, primarily made of?

A

Hydrogen and helium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are stars created?

A

These hydrogen atoms had long lost their electrons so really these are protons being pushed closer together by gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is considered to be star nurseries?

A

Nebulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What two forces compete that enable a star to be stable?

A

Gravity and Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is fusion?

A

It is the reaction in which two atoms of hydrogen combine together, or fuse, to form an atom of helium. In the process some of the mass of the hydrogen is converted into energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What determines a star’s life cycle?

A

By its mass. The larger its mass, the shorter its life cycle. A star’s mass is determined by the amount of matter that is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust from which it was born.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to a star at the end of its life?

A

More massive stars have shorter lives because they use up hydrogen faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a supernovae?

A

Death of a star

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What will likely happen to our Sun?

A

Earth’s Sun will be a White Dwarf some day.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Neutron stars and Pulsars?

A

The pulses of X-rays are seen when the hot spots on the spinning neutron star rotate through our line of sight from Earth. These pulsars are sometimes called “accretion-powered pulsars” to distinguish them from the spin-powered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do Black Holes form?

A

If the mass of the supernova is greater than 3 solar masses the gravitational force is too much and the core collapses totally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the properties of stars?

A
  • Color
  • Surface temperature
  • Mass
  • Size
  • Brightness
  • Luminosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona?

A

Layers of the star

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does a sunspot represent?

A

Cooling in a spot of the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What phenomena drives prominences and flares?

A
  • Prominences- huge cloud like formations that extend far from the surface of the Sun.
  • Flares- are sudden and short lived eruptions of tremendous energy that becomes part of the Solar Wind.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Know basic facts about the terrestrial and gas giant planets.

A

Terrestrial planets are solid rock and dense. Gas Giants are made of hydrogen and helium and do not have a solid surface to stand on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are terrestrial planets called that?

A

composed primarily of silicate rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the ecliptic plane?

A

Where the 8 planets orbit the sun in the same plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Earth’s Moon.

A

Likely created by an object in space, the size of mars, sheered a chunk of the earth off and floated a distance from the earth and it created the moon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Galilean moons of Jupiter.

A

Io, Europa, Greymede, Calisto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How does the IAU define what a planets?

A

has to be round, has to orbit the sun, not be a satellite around another planet, clear its orbit around other planets.

28
Q

What are dwarf planets

A

they share their orbits with other objects

29
Q

What is the Asteroid Belt

A

is a small rocky atmosphereless mass too small to be called planets.

30
Q

What are comets

A

Comets are frozen gases and rock only kilometers wide

31
Q

What is the Kuiper Belt

A

a region of space between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto.

32
Q

What is the Oort Cloud?

A

a thick region of icy objects that extends well beyond the boundaries
of the solar system.

33
Q

Be able to discuss the causes of the seasons

A

The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis away or toward the sun as it travels through its year-long path around the sun.

34
Q

Know what Lunar and Solar eclipses are and how they are caused.

A

Solar eclipse happens when the moon gets in the way of the sun’s light and casts its shadow on Earth.
Lunar eclipse Earth gets in the way of the sun’s light hitting the moon.

35
Q

What are the light colored areas and the dark colored areas on the Moon

A

The dark colors of the moon are craters highlands, dark colored are Marea.

36
Q

How are craters formed?

A

by powerful volcanic explosions

37
Q

How to tell impact craters from volcanic craters.

A

Volcanic craters are usually much smaller than impact craters.
Impact crater is lower than the surrounding areas and the floor of a volcano is higher than the surrounding areas.

38
Q

Differences between the near side and far side of the Moon

A

We cannot see the dark side, it never presents itself to the earth. Far side has more creaters which shields the earth from craters and has very few marea.

39
Q

What are Rays?

A

Pattern of debris from a crater

40
Q

How can Rays be used to estimate the relative ages of craters?

A

A ray can tell us the age of the crater because new craters are formed and the new rays over lap the old ray.

41
Q

What is gravity?

A

An attraction between any two mass. Acceleration of gravity, weight.

42
Q

What were the differences between Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, and Einstein’s views about
gravity?

A

Aristotle: like objects wanted to be with natural attractions. He opined that gravity was an attraction between like objects. So, if you tossed a rock up into the air, it came back down because it wants to be with the other rocks.
Galileo: Showed that gravity effects all objects the same no matter what their respective masses were in the early 17th century.
Newton: discovered that gravity was a so-called inverse-square law meaning that the force of gravity was proportional to the inverse of the distance between the objects squared.
Einstein: explained that gravity wasn’t a force at all but a deformation of the space-time fabric of the universe caused by mass. This is much like placing a large mass at the center of a trampoline and observing how the mass deforms the surface of the trampoline. This idea became known as the General Theory of Relativity.

43
Q

What is an orbit, really?

A

Is a contest of sorts between two things pulling to the center of the earth while traveling a tangent is being pulled in and out.

44
Q

Are you really weightless in space?

A

No, you may have a lower weight. Its an illusion.

45
Q

Know the difference between a Constellation and an Asterism.

A

Consettlation: area of the night sky
Asrerism: is a particular pattern of stars which could be contained within a singular constellation or several constellations.

46
Q

Know the history as presented in the slide show of the identification and naming of constellations.

A

As early as the 5th century BC the Chinese developed their naming of asterisms independent of the Babylonians and Greeks. Indian astronomy also developed independent of the Babylonians and Greeks as early as 1,200 BC. Islamic astronomy developed in the 8th century AD which adopted many Greek qualities but gave them Islamic characteristics. The stars in the southern hemisphere were not observable by the Babylonians or Greeks and were not cataloged by them. The first known observations and naming were done in the late 16th century by Dutch sailors. The modern list of 88 constellations was adopted in 1922 by the IAU using as many of the Greek names as possible. There are 36 constellations in the northern sky and 52 in the southern sky.

47
Q

How many constellations are there according to the IAU?

A

88

48
Q

Little Dipper

A

The Little Dipper is an Asterism in the Constellation Ursa Minor. A line extended from the two stars that form the end of the cup in the Big Dipper point to the end star of the Little Dipper. This is the North Star or Polaris. Note the relationship with the Big Dipper in Ursa Major.

49
Q

Big Dipper

A

The asterism “Big Dipper” is within the constellation Ursa Major is composed of seven stars. • The stars of the Big Dipper are named from left to right: Alkaid, Mizar, Alioth, Megrez, Phecda, Merak, and Dubhe.

50
Q

Orion

A

Orion is a constellation, not an asterism. However, Orion’s belt is an Asterism. Orion is located to the southwest of Taurus just below the ecliptic. Two of the brightest stars in Orion are Betelgeuse (a red supergiant) and Rigel (a blue-white). Bellatrix is a blue giant. Orion’s Belt is made of the stars (left to right): Mintaka, Alnilam, and Alnitak.

51
Q

Zodiac Mnemonic

A

All The Great Constellations Live Very Long Since Stars Can’t Alter Physics

52
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Sun (helio) at the center of our solar system.

53
Q

Tycho Brahe

A

Built an observatory from which he made the most accurate astronomical observations up to his time.

54
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Three laws of planetary

55
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Is the father of observation astronomy.

56
Q

Giovanni Cassini

A

Was the astronomer who first discovered the division in the rings of Saturn.

57
Q

Christiaan Huygens

A

Early telescopic studies of the rings of Saturn and discovery of its moon, Titan. Invented the pendulum clock and other investigations in timekeeping. Published major studies of mechanics and optics, and pioneered work on games of chance.

58
Q

Sir Isaac Newton

A

Universal Gravitation was the foundation of Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, but it also went further: Newton showed that the laws governing astronomical bodies were the same laws governing motion on the surface of the Earth.

59
Q

Edmond Halley

A

Famous for predicting the 1682 appearance of a comet called Halley’s Comet.

60
Q

Charles Messier

A

Was a comet-hunter who published a list of 110 astronomical objects that should not be mistaken for comets.

61
Q

William Herschel

A

Discovered Uranus and two of its moons. He also discovered two or more moons of Saturn and several asteroids, and made a catalog of 2,500 astronomical objects. He found the polar ice caps of Mars, which are today being studied by several satellites in the hopes of shedding light on the existence of water on Mars.

62
Q

Henrietta Swann Leavitt

A

She discovered that a particular type of variable star known as Cephid could be used as a distance marker, making it possible to determine astronomical distance to objects.

63
Q

Harlow Shapley

A

Used RR Lyrae stars to correctly estimate the size of the Milky Way Galaxy and the sun’s position within it by using parallax. In 1953 he proposed his “liquid water belt” theory, now known as the concept of a habitable zone.

64
Q

Order of the planets

A 
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter 
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto*
65
Q

Phases of the moon

A 
First Quarter
Waxing crescent
New moon
Full moon
Waxing gibbous
66
Q

What is declination, vertical equinox, right ascension, and oh right ascension?

A

The primary direction of the system is the vernal equinox

EAPS 101 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions