Exam 1 Flashcards
Factors that influence your food choices:
1) Cultural traditions
2) Nutrition knowledge and beliefs
3) Personal food preferences
4) Other practical considerations
Status foods
Foods you eat when you reach a certain place in life
Comfort foods
Foods that give you security and make you feel loves
Discomfort foods
Foods that give you feelings of insecurity or bad memories
Cultural Foods
Foods that is appropriate or not in a particular culture
Other factors that affect your food choices
1) Healthy choices
2) Cost
3) Availability
4) Genetic
Nutrition
The sum total of the processes involved in the intake and utilization of food substance by living organisms, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, transportation, metabolism, and excretion of food
Appetite
Desire for food or drink
Hunger
Need for food or drink
Major functions of food:
1) Promote growth and development
2) Provide energy
3) Regulate metabolism
Macronutrients
Nutrients that provide energy
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids (fats)
3) Protiens
Micronutrients
Nutrients that support metabolism, helps the macronutrients release their energy
1) Vitamins biochemical reactions
2) Minerals biochemical reactions
3) Phytochemical antioxidants
4) Water temperature regulation
Classes of nutrients
1) Carbohydrates
2) Protiens
3) Lipids
4) Vitamins
5) Minerals
6) Water
Carbohydrates
1) Major source of energy
2) 4 kilocalories per gram
3) Simple sugars, complex carbohydrates, starch
Protiens
1) Source of energy
2) 4 kilocalories per gram
3) Body structure, muscle, bone, blood
Lipids
1) Source of energy
2) 9 kilocalories per gram
3) Saturated (animal fat) Unsaturated (plant fat)
4) Provides a full feeling, help regulate body functions
Kilocalorie
1) The heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1 degree Celsius
2) A unit of measure of the amount of energy supplied by food
Vitamins
1) Promote chemical reactions
2) 13 different vitamins
Minerals
1) Help body’s metabolism
2) 16 minerals
Water
1) Dissolves substances, lubricates, provides transportation
2) Body is 50-70% water
3) 8-10 cups of water a day
Alcohol
1) 7 Kilocalories per gram
2) not a nutrient
Nutrient
A chemical substance present in food that is used by the body
Phytochemical
Chemical substances in plants that perform important functions in the human body
Antioxidants
Chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to oxidizing agents
Nutrient Dense
Foods contain high amounts of nutrients compared to their calorie count
Empty Calorie
Foods that provide an excess of calories in relation to nutrients
Energy Dense
Energy value of a food in relation to the food’s weight
How many calories to americans drink?
Between 25-30% of their calories
Malnutrition
Poor nutrition resulting from an excel or lack of calories or nutrients, when nutritional needs are not met over the long haul and health fails as a result
Undernutrition
Failing health that results from a long-standing diet that does not meet nutritional needs
Over nutrition
Nutritional intake exceeds the body’s needs
Desirable Nutrition
Obtain all the essential nutrients from a variety of foods
