Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

H & P 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Puberty age

A

8-13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lactating engorgement

A

First 24-48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 positions for inspecting breasts seated

A

Arms at side
Arms overhead
Arms on hips with shoulders forward
Leaning forward at waist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Areolae changes in pregnancy

A

Darker brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Best time for palpation of breasts

A

A week after their menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do you routinely check for nipple discharge?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tenderness on palpation of breasts

A

Cyst, inflammation, infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cords on breast palpation

A

Mammary duct ectasia

Tender cords may have mass as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe mastectomy exam

A

2 fingers palpate scar
2-3 finger chest wall sweep
Lymph node exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Age of breast cancer

A

80% of breast cancers are over the age of 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibrocystic changes

A 
Bilateral
Multiple or single
Round
Soft-firm
Mobile
No retraction
Tender
Varies with menses
Well delineated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fibroadenoma

A 
Usually bilateral
Usually single
Firm and rubbery
Mobile
Non tender
Well delineated
No variation with menses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Breast cancer characteristics

A 
Single
Irregular, stellate
Hard, stone
Fixed
Retraction
Non tender
Irregular
Peau d'orange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Breast cancer risk factors

A 
>50 age
Female
Hx of breast CA and family hx
Early menarche or late menopause
Alcohol, obesity
Nulliparity
First child after 30 years old
Dense breast tissue
Caucasian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Increased prolactin, multiductal, serous or milky discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mammary duct ectasia

A

Subareolar ducts dilated or blocked, common in menopausal women, green/brown/sticky discharge

May or may not have a mass behind the nipple or. Retraction of nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Intraductal papillomas

A

Wartlike tumor, unilateral, single duct, serous or bloody discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pagets disease

A

Ductal carcinoma manifested with malignant epithelial cells

Crusted nipple, watery discharge

Unilateral or bilateral

Red, scaling, does not respond to steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mastitis

A

Staph aureus

MCC lactating women 2-3 weeks post partum

Swelling, tenderness, erythema, warm to touch, hard mass, purulent discharge

Sudden onset, fever/chills, could form an abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Imbalance of estrogens and androgens in male breast, unilateral or bilateral, usually nontender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Menarche begins

A

11-14 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Size of uterus at 20 week pregnancy

A

Umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

12 week pregnancy size of uterus

A

At symphysis pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GTPAL

A 
Gravida
Term birth
Pre term births
Abortion/miscarriage
Living children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Clitoris size

A

2 cm x .5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Car uncle

A

Buldge in the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Skene glands

A

Outward on either side of the urethra at the top of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bartholin glands

A

Bilaterally palpate entire labial area with focus on posterolateral portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which patients do you assess muscle tone in for females?

A

Women who have had children, concerned about weak muscles or urinary incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Lubricant for speculum

A

Usually water or only a scant amount because it could interfere with a sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Inserting speculum

A

Oblique or downward slope

Insert length of canal along posterior wall, then rotate horizontal

THEN open blades and move speculum upward to visualize cervi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cervix color

A

Pink, possible blue hue with pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Symmetrical red area around so

A

Exposed columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Anterior cervic

A

Retroverted uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Posterior cervix

A

Anteverted uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Horizontal cervix

A

Midposition uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Normal nulliparous cervix

A

Round or oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Normal parous cervix

A

Slit like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Nabothian cysts

A

Within expected findings on cervix, can become infected

40
Q

Papsmere best results

A

Not mentruating

Avoid intercourse or douching 24-48 hours before

41
Q

Performing papsmere

A

Insert into os, circular clock and counterclockwise to include squamocolumnar junction

42
Q

Wet mount

A

Sample of vaginal discharge, place on slide and add saline

Look under microscope for trichomoniasis or clue cells

43
Q

KOH/whiff test

A

Add drop of 10% KOH to vaginal discharge sample then cover slip, looking for hyphae or budding yeast cells

Whiff- positive with fishy odor for bacterial vaginosis

44
Q

Rugated vaginal walls

A

Premenopausal

45
Q

Smooth vaginal walls

A

Postmenopausal

46
Q

Cystocele

A

Protrusion of the bladder into the vaginal wall

47
Q

Bimanual exam

A

Index and middle finger in the vagina, locate cervix, CMT

48
Q

Anteverted or anteflexed bimanual palpation

A

Internal hand push inward and upward, and downward on cervix

49
Q

Retroverted or retroflexed exam

A

Internal hand in posterior fornix push inward on cervix

50
Q

Uterus size

A

5.5 to 8 cm long, nulliparous, pear shaped

Should be mobile

51
Q

Ovaries on exam

A

3x2x1 cm, slight tenderness, firm and smooth

52
Q

Rectovaginal exam

A

Index finger in vagina and middle finger in rectum, can re evaluate adnexa and uterus and perform stool eval

53
Q

Infant exam

A

Hymen, .5 cm opening

Mucoid discharge up to 4 weeks after birth

Swelling of labia

Adhesions of labia minors

54
Q

Hysterectomy exam

A

Vaginal cuff scar as white or pink line, may Pap smear here if needed

55
Q

PMS

A

Bloating, weight gain, headache, breast swelling, mood swings, cravings all 5-7 days prior to mensstruation

56
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Can be life threatening

Classic triad: vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, abdominal pain

Pain on one side, could rupture

CMT, if abdominal can feel fetal movements

57
Q

Sites for ectopic pregnancy

A

80% ampullary, 12% isthmic

Both in the Fallopian tube, amupllary is closer to the ovary and isthmic is a little farther away

58
Q

Ovarian cysts

A

Could be asymptomatic

Hx of irregular menses, pain with intercourse

Sudden acute sharp pain could be rupture, peritoneal signs

Could cause torsion

59
Q

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

Hirsutism, infertility, oligomenorrhea, obesity, late onset acne with polycystic ovaries

60
Q

Endometriosis

A

Painfula nd heavy periods, pain with sex, associated with infertility in 30-40% of patients

Laparoscopic diagnosis

61
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

Three degrees, complains of heaviness in pelvis or tissue protruding through vagina

62
Q

Myomas

A

Can effect bowel and urination patters if large enough
Heavy menses
Pelvic discomfort

Irregular nodules on uterus

63
Q

Ovarian cancer

A

40 years old, nulliparous, endometriosis, white

64
Q

Ovarian cancer signs and symptoms

A

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, back pain, bloating, vague GI concerns over 40, enlarged ovary

65
Q

Endometrial/uterine carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

Post menopausal 75%

Bleeding post menopausal #1 symptom, need endometrial biopsy

66
Q

Cervical cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

HPV associated! 80% of women HPV infected by age 50

Multiple sexual partners, OCP for >5 years

Abnormal bleeding and ulcerations on cervix

67
Q

Medications that make it difficult to maintain erection

A

Opioids, benzo’s, beta blockers, h2 inhibitors

68
Q

5 p’s

A

Partners, practices, protection from STIs, past history of STIs, prevention of pregnancy

69
Q

Beginning sign of sexual development for a male

A

2.5cm teste and pubic hair stage 2

70
Q

Phimosis

A

Unable to retract the foreskin

71
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Cannot replace the foreskin after retracting it

72
Q

Smegma

A

Dead skin cells, will be around the foreskin and under the penis, this is a normal finding

73
Q

Balantitis

A

Inflammation of the penis

74
Q

Balanoposthitis

A

Inflammation including the glans penis

75
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital ventral discplacement of the urethral meatus

76
Q

Urethral meatus stenosis

A

Narrowing of urethral opening, appearing more rounded than slit

Upward stream, difficulty with aim

77
Q

Priapism

A

Sustained erection that cannot go away

Consider leukemia or sickle cell, possible medication use

78
Q

Peyronia disease

A

Shaft that is curved, typically from trauma

79
Q

Chordee

A

Curved shaft that is congenital

Associated with hypospadias

80
Q

Penile carcinoma

A

Unsealing ulcerations, more common in uncircumcised

Glans or foreskin, most often squamous cell

81
Q

Which testicle is typically lower hanging?

A

Left

82
Q

Hydrocele

A

Usually anteriolateral testicle

Trans illuminates

83
Q

Spermatocele

A

Painless fluid filled benign cyst

Smooth firm lump felt on top of testicle (head of epididymis)

84
Q

Varicocele

A

Enlargement of papminiform venous plexus, heavy achy pain

Bag of worms

85
Q

Scrotal hernia

A

Large mass that reduces when patient lies down

86
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Undescended testicle

87
Q

Where is the epididymis

A

Posterolateral surface of testes

88
Q

Epididymitis

A

Pain and swelling, erythema and warm to touch

Bacterial infection MCC

89
Q

Testicular carcinoma

A

Painless mass, possible enlargement of testicle or inguinal LAD

Maybe hydrocele

90
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Painful, acute swelling or discoloration

Adolescents commonly

NO cremasteric reflex noted

91
Q

Orchitis

A

Swelling of testicle, heavy and painful

Associated with epididymitis

92
Q

Indirect hernia

A

Most common, maybe bilateral and may progress to scrotum

Feel buldge at the tip of the finger in examination, pain with straining

Less likely to reoccur

93
Q

Direct hernia

A

Less common

Enters through hesselbach triangle and pushes on side of finger on exam

Painless, rarely enters scrotum

More likely to reoccur, buldge appears the same after reduction

94
Q

Femoral hernia

A

More common in females but overall uncommon

Through femoral ring

May have significant pain and strangulation

95
Q

Incarcertaed hernia

A

Cannot be reduced

96
Q

Strangulated hernia

A

Blood supply is compromised secondary to incarceration

Urgent!

97
Q

Foreskin retraction age

A

Partial to urinate but not fully until 3-4 years old

H & P 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions