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uw psych 101 exam 1. > exam 1. > Flashcards

exam 1. Flashcards

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1
Q

empirical methods.

A

approaches to inquiry using measurements and observation.

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2
Q

ethics.

A

guidelines for the protection of research participants and maintain research integrity.

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3
Q

hypothesis.

A

a idea/question that can be tested.

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4
Q

theories.

A

closely related phenomenon or observations.

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5
Q

behaviorism.

A

the study of behavior.

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6
Q

cognitive psychology.

A

the study of mental processes.

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7
Q

consciousness.

A

awareness of self and the environment.

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8
Q

empiricism.

A

the belief that knowledge comes from experience.

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9
Q

eugenics.

A

the practice of selective breeding for desired traits.

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10
Q

flashbulb memory.

A

a detailed and vivid memory with emotional significance.

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11
Q

functionalism.

A

the system that focuses on the utility of consciousness.

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12
Q

gestalt psychology.

A

the perspective in studying the unity of experience.

‘the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.’

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13
Q

introspection.

A

the method of focusing on internal processes.

popularized by willhem wundt; participants made self-reports of their reactions/experience to stimuli.

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14
Q

neural impulse.

A

an electro-chemical signal utilized my neurons.

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15
Q

practitioner-scholar model.

A

the model of training pro psychologist in clinical practice.

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16
Q

psychophysics.

A

the study of the relationship between physical reality and mental reality.

or…

physical stimuli and perception.

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17
Q

realism.

A

the belief that emphasizes the senses as a way to understand the external world.

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18
Q

scientist/practitioner model.

A

the model of training pro psychologist in both research and clinical skills.

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19
Q

structuralism.

A

the system that focuses on describing the elements of conscious experience.

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20
Q

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

A

the inability to say a word despite having the sensation to do so.

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21
Q

confounds.

A

factors that undermine the accuracy of making inferences.

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22
Q

correlation.

A

measures the association between two factors. NOT causation.

23
Q

dependent variable.

A

the measured variable in an experiment.

24
Q

experimenter expectation.

A

when the experimenters expectations influence the outcome.

25
Q

independent variable.

A

the manipulated variable in an experiment.

26
Q

longitudinal study.

A

a study that follows the same group over time.

27
Q

operational definitions.

A

how researchers measure a concept.

28
Q

participant demand.

A

when participant behave in a way the researchers wants them to behave.

29
Q

placebo effect.

A

a sense of influence despite NOT receiving an actual ‘treatment’.

30
Q

quasi-experimental design.

A

an experiment that does not require random assignment.

31
Q

random assignment.

A

assigning participants to different conditions by chance.

32
Q

ambulatory assessment.

A

an umbrella term to describe methods of assessing behavior, physiology, experience, and environments of humans in natural settings.

33
Q

daily diary method.

A

completing a questionnaire of thoughts, feelings, and behavior at the end of the day.

34
Q

day reconstruction method.

A

describing experience and behavior upon a ‘systematic reconstruction’ the following day.

35
Q

ecological momentary assessment.

A

an umbrella term that repeatedly samples participants experiences, behavior and physiology in real time.

36
Q

ecological study.

A

the degree to which conditions in a study are typical of everyday life.

37
Q

electronically activated recorder, EAR.

A

the method where participants wear an audio recorder that records snippets of ambient sounds around them.

38
Q

experience-sampling method.

A

the report of thoughts, feelings, and behavior at different points of time over the course of a day.

39
Q

external validity.

A

the degree to which a finding generalizes— from a specific sample and context of study, to some larger population and broader settings.

40
Q

full-cycle psychology.

A

the scientific approach that begins with observational field study, followed by laboratory experimentation to verify effects and isolate mechanisms, then back to field research to corroborate the findings.

41
Q

generalize.

A

to make broad conclusions based on a smaller sample of observations.

42
Q

internal validity.

A

the degree to which a cause-effect relationship between two variables has been ambiguously established.

43
Q

linguistic inquiry and word count.

A

the method of text analysis that extracts grammatical and psychological info by counting word frequencies.

44
Q

lived day analysis.

A

the method of observation that follows an individual with a video camera to objectively document daily life.

45
Q

white coat hypertension.

A

the phenomenon where participants experience elevated blood pressure in the hospital/lab but not in every day life.

46
Q

conceptual replication.

A

the scientific attempt to replicate studies under different conditions (samples, times, situations). same results indicate that findings are generalizable.

47
Q

confederate.

A

an actor working with researchers i deceive unsuspecting participants. aka a stooge.

48
Q

exact/direct replication.

A

the scientific attempt to exactly copy an earlier study to determine consistency and accuracy of findings.

49
Q

priming.

A

the process of exposure to a stimulus to make thoughts, feelings, or behavior more salient.

50
Q

sample size.

A

the number of participants in a study.

51
Q

hindsight bias.

A

the ‘i told you so’ phenomenon.

52
Q

overconfidence bias.

A

a bias in estimating things. ex, time estimates.

53
Q

psuedo-psychology.

A

false/popular psychology that focuses on wants/cravings. characterized by simplified observation and un-based scientific evidence. usually associated with marketing and advertisements.

uw psych 101 exam 1. (1 decks)

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