EXAM 1 Flashcards
Union Pacific Railroad
1st transcontinental railroad in US.
1st national business, multi-managerial. VP.
needed to “tie together” east and west.
Andrew Carnegie
From Scotland. Carnegie Steel.
Vertical integration. (wants to own everything!)
Company towns
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil.
Horizontal integration (buying similar companies)
inventor of the trust (obtaining a monopoly without people being aware)
First to say “I plead the fifth”
J.P. Morgan/ US Steel
Flips businesses. Buys Carnegie Steel. Renamed US Steel. $500 million to 1st BILLION dollar corporation. (within 10 years)
USS Maine
US Destroyer sent to Cuba. US Maine blew up (due to gun powder near fire, but they blame the Cubans)
US enters Spanish-American War.
William Randolph Hearst
Newspaper man. Propaganda for USS Maine. telegram “You provide the picture, I’ll provide the war”
Kettle Hill and San Juan Hill
Roosevelt suppose to capture Kettle Hill. Joined with Buffalo soldiers and took San Juan. Shot 7 times, never hit. War hero.
William McKinley
President during Spanish-American War. Did not want to enter war. Called a coward by Roosevelt. Was persuaded by Christian ideals.
Was shot and T. Roosevelt was VP.
Roosevelt and Panama Canal
Panama owned by Columbia.
Major village: Darien. Because they can’t ship goods (because of jungle), they build canal but need help from US.
Roosevelt pays French without signing contract. Roosevelt breaks off relations after price raises.
Tomas Heran
Columbian ambassador that makes deal with Roosevelt.
Philippe Bunau-Varilla
Frenchman. Declared Panama independent. Ambassador to United States. Negotiates a canal zone.
Roosevelt Corollary
Reaffirmed commitment to Monroe Doctrine. (declared the Americas closed to European colonization)
Addition to MD.
US will deal with American nations that were guilty of chronic wrong doing.
established US as regional policemen.
Portsmouth Treaty
Roosevelt ended Russian-Japanese war by bringing leaders together.
Won noble peace prize. (first American ever)
Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt. Honest day’s work, honest day’s wage.
UMW Strike
United mine workers. 5 month strike. Roosevelt brought them together and basically threatened to take over the mines. 9-10 hour shifts and 10% raise and promises of future raises. Miners promise productivity will go up. (law of diminishing returns)
Sherman Antitrust Act
Trust busting.
Trust illegal. Outlawed any conspiracy that restrained trade.
Was too vague in its wording.
Sinclair/”The Jungle”
Upton Sinclair. Book about urban city/meat packing industry. Lead to Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
Meat Inspection Act
Roosevelt signed. Established sanitary requirements for the packaging and handling of meat.
USDA.
A threat.
Pure Food and Drug Act
Truth in advertising. Food, medicine, cosmetics, etc.
US Forest Service
created as a result of conservation efforts. 200 million acres for protection.
Gifford Pinchot
in charge of US Forest Service.
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Taft lets secretary of interior, Richard Ballinger, allow lumber companies cut trees from preserved land. Pinchot criticizes Ballinger. Taft fires Pinchot for insubordination.
Splits Republican party. Progressives and Conservatives.
Progressive/Bull Moose Party
Roosevelt started this Republican, progressive party but Taft won in 1912.
“I’m strong as a bull moose!”
New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson campaign platform.
Use states to lift people, rather than federal government.
Adamson Act
established an eight-hour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for interstate railroad workers.
Disallowed child labor
Avoid nationwide strike.
Workmen’s Compensation Act
if you get injured, job must pay.
Low interest loans.
Black Hand
group of Serbia-hired assassins. Attack Austrians in Bosnia but killed Bosnians instead.
Located in Italy.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assassinated by Black Hand during an appearance in Bosnia. His uncle was the emporer of Austria. Start of WWI
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Ruler of Germany in WWI. Supports Austria in war.
U-Boats
German subs.
Dishonorable and sneaky.
unrestricted submarine warfare.
Lusitania
Ship sank.
More than 100 Americans died.
Germans said they were going to blow it up; people got on anyway.
Zimmerman Note/Telegram
Berlin to Mexico City.
Tell Mexico to go against war with US. (used land as a bribe)
British intercepted telegram. Moved US and Mexico closer.
Pushed US into war.
16th amendment
Income Tax
17th amendment
Direct election of senators
18th amendment
Prohibition. Brought organized crime.South produced own alcohol.
19th amendment
Women’s rights
Big Stick Policy
How we deal with pirate nations, criminal nations. We will always try to negotiate first but we are willing use force if necessary. Theodore Roosevelt.
Federal Reserve Act
Delivers money-Stabilizes economy
Contributor to Great Depression
Federal Trade Commission Act
Can investigate any business that they suspect has done illegal actions. (Forced investigation)
Clayton’s Antitrust Act
Adjustment to Sherman Antitrust Act
Listed specific illegal activities that would lead to monopolies.
Russia/Panslavism
All Slavic people should join together and fight for a common cause.
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria (joined in 1915), Ottoman Empire
Allies
United Kingdom, France, Russia, Serbia, United States (joined in 1917), and, to a much lesser degree, Japan
