Exam 1 Flashcards
City
Large town.
Division of Labor
A way to achieve a means to an end
Mechanical Solidarity
More likely to occur in rural areas, with low-density. People are held together by common experiences because of the familiarity of doing the same things.
Gemeinschaft
Rural. Personalistic and intimate knowledge on who you are, how you’re related to other people and where you fit in society. Unique to the individual.
Bourgeoisie
Owner/Capitalist.
Enclosure Acts
Spread around a place; closed off certain kinds of areas to people in general. If you were a shepherd your flock/herd could go anywhere because they needed to graze. But lords of the state realized that they didn’t have to let anyone come through their land. Forced the peasants to farm their lands and give a portion of their labor as “rent”. Lords could use the land to subsist as long as the peasants gave a portion of their profits. Eventually pushed the peasants off the land and into the towns. People eventually flowed off the land and into the towns. Medieval towns and then people became free laborers.
Ancient cities
Rome, Greece, Medieval, Renaissance
Medieval towns
Feudal system: serfdom. rural economic system based on subsistence agriculture with castle. Catholic bishops became rulers.Small towns
Entrepot centers
Pre-capitalism; trading economies found mostly from colonial towns. Not making interest (not making money on money). Not commercial capitalism; trading with products and goods. Taking place in colonial town centers.
Industrial cities
Economy changes and location changes as well. More and more movement form rural to urban areas: small towns to big towns. Greater demand for labor. Innovations in technology; emphasis on access to resources
The “Boss” System
European immigrants had to rely a lot on their own countrymen in separated neighborhoods in order to survive in America that was derived from an 80% British population. In order to negotiate all of that, the “Boss” System emerged. The Boss would be an experienced immigrant that would help these immigrants negotiate and access resources in this large macro bureaucracy that was emerging in these cities. The Bosses had to be in contact with the politicians; Boss was the negotiator/mediator in city hall that would guarantee votes for these politicians (industrial cities). Led to dissatisfaction.
Urbanization
A dual process of increasing a population and CONCENTRATION of population growth as well as a REORGANIZATION of that population in a particular area. Focused on quantity; there is also a variety and structuring of social statuses and the basis on which that status is determined.
Invasion-Succession Hypothesis
Invasion of one land use or population by another. One group or function finally takes the place of another is called succession.
Concentric Zone model
Developed by Ernest Burgess. With a Central Business Center (CBC), Zone in Transition (ZIT) - slummy, zone of working people’s homes, residential zone, commuter zone.
Multiple Nuclei model
Developed by Harris, et al. Central business district, Wholesale, light manufacturing, low-class residential, medium-class residential, high-class residential, heavy manufacturing, outlying business district, residential suburb, industrial suburb. No necessary reason why something has to go first, second, or third. As long as things are compatible, they can go wherever (Ex: landfills are not compatible with high end living)
Urban Political Economy Perspectives
(New Urban Sociology Models): examines conflict and inequality. Draws from Marx, Weber, et al. Unique political structure; Neo-Marxist perspective includes the state.
Deals with Conflict and the zero-sum: when one group benefits, another does not; State + Economic forces: state of the union address - “we want economic development” and machinery of government, values, cultures, and norms. Need to incorporate social characteristics to gain political economy (Approval for land rezoning; communication is crucial) Two levels: local: urban growth machine that pushes urban growth and Global: globalization - inequality occurring on a larger scale, formerly autonomous areas that are independent incorporated in the global economy and in the process of the impoverished.
Core/Center/Metropole
Rich richer takes their resources through economic processes. Facilitated by political relationship that developed nations had. Autonomous. Trade agreements: one country gets the bigger share of a deal and the other one gets the shorter end of another. Continuous relationship overtime the other nation gets impoverished. First world
Semi-periphery
Doesn’t have a lot of resources but never underdeveloped. As long as they had subsistent technologies, they could get by.
