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NSG 1150 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Criteria Of a Profession

A
  • Specialized body of knowledge
  • Service Orientation
  • Autonomy
  • Self-regulation
  • Code of Ethics
  • Well-defined knowledge and expertise
  • Altruism: selfless concern for others
  • Regulates itself
  • Sets standards for members
  • High value on the worth and dignity of others
  • Do what is considered right
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2
Q

Scope of Nursing

A
  1. Promoting health and wellness
  2. Preventing illness
  3. Restoring health
  4. Caring for the dying
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3
Q

Rolls and Functions of the nurse

A
  • Clinician or direct care provider: provides hands on care to client
  • Researcher: investigates phenomena related to health
  • Advocate: provides a voice to client concerns when necessary
  • Consultant: Provides advice and information to client, health care providers, and agencies to assist in meeting clients’ health care concerns
  • Counsellor: Provides support clients to facilitate their decisions making in reference to emotional challenges
  • Educator: Facilitates client learning through teaching that is appropriate to client’s situation
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4
Q

Recipients of Nursing

A
  • Individuals
  • Families
  • Groups
  • Communities
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5
Q

Types of Individuals

A
  • Consumer
  • Patient- passively complies
  • Residents- live in a long term care facility
  • Client- preferred over patient
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6
Q

Positives of social media related to professionalism

A

information sharing, timely communication, means for education

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7
Q

Challenges of social media related to professionalism

A

unprofessional posts, protecting client information, patients trying to “friend” you.

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8
Q

What is the cause of most client errors?

A

Communication among HCP

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9
Q

Lateral Violence

A

physical, verbal, or emotional abuse or aggression directed at coworkers or someone of equal power

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10
Q

An abusive intimidating treatment of someone who is in a vulnerable position or a position with less power.

A

bullying

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11
Q

Cognitive Rehearsal

A
  • Hold information in your mind
  • Try not to react, allow time to process the information
  • Learn to respond differently by practicing
  • Use your cue card
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12
Q

What does CARNA stand for?

A

College and Associations of Registered Nurses of Alberta

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13
Q

What is CARNA?

A

• Professional and regulatory body for Alberta’s more than 33,000 registered nurses

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14
Q

CARNA’s mandate

A

Protect the public by ensuring that Albertans receive effective, safe, and ethical care by registered nurses.

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15
Q

What are CARNAS nursing practice standards are used to:

A

o Guide and direct nursing practice
o Promote professional nursing practice
o Facilitate evaluation of nursing practice
o Enable the client to judge the adequacy of nursing core
o Provide guidelines for the nurse educators in setting objectives of educational programs
o Provide a framework for developing specialty nursing standards

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16
Q

Professional Act

A

Law that establishes a regulatory college and sets out its duties and authorities

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17
Q

Regulated health professional

A

Member of a health profession that is regulated by a College.

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18
Q

Importance of HPA

A
  • Accountability
  • Flexibility
  • Enforcement
  • Address issues
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19
Q

Responsibilities of a professional college

A

o Govern and regulate the practice of their members
o Regulate initial registration and continuing competence of health professionals
o Investigate complaints
o Protect professional titles

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20
Q

Health (most commonly cited definition)

A

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO, 1947)

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21
Q

Updated definition of Health

A

The extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and cope with the environment. (WHO, 1984)

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22
Q

Disease VS Illness

A

Disease- an objective state of ill health, the pathology of which can be detected by medical science
Illness- A subjective experience of loss of health

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23
Q

Health VS Wellness

A

Health- an objective process characterized by functional stability
Wellness- a subjective experience

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24
Q

Dimensions of health

A
  • Physical/developmental
  • Mental/emotional
  • Social
  • Spiritual
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25
Q

Medical approach to health

A

o Dominated western thinking in 20th century
o People believed scientific medicine could solve most health problems
o Probem: Less emphasis given to health promotion and disease prevention

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26
Q

Behavioral approach to health

A

o Minister of Health and Welfare, Marc Lalonde, commissioned a study- the Lalonde report
o Lalonde Report (1974) shifted emphasis from a medical to a behavioral approach to health
o Advocated for reduction in self-imposed risks
o Increased public health programs
o Based on the assumption that if people know the risk factors for disease they will engage in healthy behaviors
o Problems: Lifestyle was assumed to be within an individual’s control

27
Q

Socio-Environmental Approach to health

A

o Health is tied to the social structure (e.g. unhealthy social environments)
o Led to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986) which identified prerequisites for health (income, education, peace, shelter, equity, etc.)

28
Q

5 major strategies of Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

A
  1. Building health public policy
  2. Creating supportive environments
  3. Strengthening community action
  4. Developing personal skills
  5. Reorienting health services
29
Q

EPP Report

A

• Became Canada’s blue print for achieving the WHO goal of “health for all 2000”
• Epp Report identified three main health challenges:
o Reducing inequities
o Increasing prevention
o Enhancing coping mechanisms

30
Q

EPP Report VS Ottawa Charter

A
  • Epp report emphasized society’s responsibility for providing supports
  • Ottawa charter focuses on social justice, equity, and empowerment (e.g. developing personal skills to solve one’s own problem.)
  • Both reflect a socio-environmental approach to health
31
Q

12 Determinants of Health (population health approach)

A
  1. Income and social status
  2. Social support networks
  3. Education
  4. Employment and working conditions
  5. Physical environments
  6. Biology and genetic endowment
  7. Personal health practices and coping skills
  8. Healthy child development
  9. Health services
  10. Gender
  11. Culture
  12. Social environments
32
Q

Purpose of CNA Code of Ethics (4)

A

o Outlines a set of values basic to nursing practice
o Serves as a means of self-evaluation and self-reflection
o Informs nurses of the values they are expected to uphold
o Informs the public of the values nurses are expected to uphold

33
Q

Primary Values of CNA Code of Ethics (6)

A
  1. Promoting Health and well being
  2. Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care
  3. Promoting and respecting informed decision making
  4. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
  5. Promoting justice
  6. Being accountable
34
Q

Hearing Tribunals

A

a collection of juries that decide punishment for nurses who have had complaints filed against them

35
Q

What define standards of care:

A
  • Provincial/territorial laws regulating health care agencies
  • Professional and specialty nursing organizations
  • Written policies and procedures
36
Q

Types of Torts

A 
Unintentional tort (negligence)
Intentional Tort (willful acts that violate a person’s rights)
37
Q

Types of intentional torts

A

o Assault- physical or verbal threat
o Battery- intentional physical contact with the client without their consent that causes injury or is offensive to client’s dignity.
o False imprisonment- inappropriate or unjustified use of restraints
o Invasion of privacy- ensures confidential healthcare

38
Q

Privacy laws in Alberta (4)

A
  • FOIP- Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act
  • HIA- Health Information Act
  • PIPA- Personal Information Protection Act
  • OIPC- Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner
39
Q

o Applies to public bodies

o A public body must limit the disclosure of your personal information to that which is necessary and reasonable

A

Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (FOIP)

40
Q

o Applies to “custodians”- Alberta Health and Wellness, health services providers paid under the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan
o Provides individuals with the right to request access to health records under the control of custodians
o Provides custodians with a framework within which they must conduct the collection, use and disclosure of health information

A

Health Information Act (HIA)

41
Q

o Sets the rules for the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by private sector organizations operating in Alberta
o An organization cannot require you to consent to the collection, use, or disclosure of personal information beyond what is necessary to provide a product or service

A

Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA)

42
Q

Health care providers have a duty to disclose knowledge of:

A

o Communicable or sexually transmitted diseases
o Suspected child abuse
o Intent to harm or kill another person- if a patient poses a threat to others

43
Q

How to maintain confidentiality:

A

o Avoid being overheard by others when discussing care with a colleague
o Ensure privacy when discussing problems with a client
o Not disclose confidential information to colleagues, client’s friend, or relatives without checking whether they are authorized to receive such information

44
Q

the hallmark of patient autonomy

A

Free and Informed Consent

45
Q

Nurses are obligated to advocate for patients:

A

o Who are not fully informed
o Who require more time to reflect on alternatives
o When their wishes have not been respected

46
Q

To give informed consent, patients:

A
  1. Must understand risks and benefits of the procedure or treatment
  2. Must understand risks of not undergoing the procedure or treatment, and any available alternatives.
  3. Must have the legal and mental capacity to make a treatment decision
  4. Must be given provisions if deaf, illiterate, or foreign language
47
Q

Jones and Meleis (readings, pg. 3)

A

Articulated health as empowerment: “Health is being empowered to define, seek, and find conditions, resources, and processes to be an effective agent in meeting significant needs perceived by individuals.” (

48
Q

Labonte (readings, pg. 2-3)

A

Developed a multidimensional conceptualization of health that reflects both actualization and stability perspectives. (Venn diagram)

49
Q

Raeburn and Rootman (readings, pg. 3)

A

Suggested that a definition of health needs to be positive, comprehensive, particularly attentive to the mental health dimension, and inclusive of quality of life and spirituality.

50
Q

3 major approaches to health in modern times (Labonte, readings pg 3)

A

Medical, behavioral, socioenvironmental

51
Q

2 major determinants of health in socioenvironmental approach according to Labonte (readings, pg. 4)

A

Psychosocial Risk Factors, and Socioenvironmental Risk Conditions

52
Q

Psychosocial Risk Factors (readings, pg. 4)

A

Complex psychosocial experiences resulting from social circumstances that include isolation, lack of social support, limited social networks, low self-esteem, self-blame, and low perceived power

53
Q

Socioenvironmental Risk Conditions (readings, pg. 4)

A

Social and environmental living conditions that include poverty, low education or occupation status, dangerous or stressful work, dangerous physical environments, pollution, discrimination, relative political or economic powerlessness, and inequalities of income or power.

54
Q

“to change behaviour it may be necessary to change more than behavior” explain what this means to nurses (readings, pg. 5)

A

In addition to working “downstream” to assist people who are experiencing the negative health effects of socioenvironmental conditions, nurses need to work “upstream” by advocating for policies that ensure affordable housing, financial support to patients with low incomes, and safe, fulfilling work environments.

55
Q

Jakarta Declaration (readings, pg. 5)

A

Added four other prerequisites to Ottawa Charter: empowerment of women, social security, respect for human rights, and social relations.
declared poverty to be the greatest threat to health

56
Q

Jakarta Declaration priorities of action (readings, pg. 5)

A

Promoting social responsibility for health in public and private sectors; increasing investments for health in all sectors; consolidating and expanding partnerships for health to all levels of government and the private sector; increasing community capacity and empowering the individual; and securing adequate infrastructure for health promotion.

57
Q

Bangkok Charter (readings, pg. 5-6)

A

Affirmed health as a human right and emphasized mental and spiritual well-being as important elements. Identified critical factors influencing health like increasing inequalities within and between countries, global environmental change, and urbanization.

58
Q

The “watershed” document that marked the shift from a lifestyle to a socioenvironmental approach to health was the…” (readings, ch 1 review questions, pg. 13)

A

The Ottawa Charter

59
Q

From a socioenvironmental perspective, the major determinants of health are:
(readings, ch 1 review questions, pg. 13)

A

Psychosocial risk factors and socioenvironmental risk factors

60
Q

The main reason that intersectoral collaboration is a necessary strategy to reach the goal of “health for all” is..?
(readings, ch 1 review questions, pg. 14)

A

The determinants of health are broad

61
Q

Providing immunization against measles is an example of _____
(readings, ch 1 review questions, pg. 14)

A

Primary Prevention

62
Q

The belief that health is primarily an individual responsibility is most congruent with the ______ approach to health.
(readings, ch 1 review questions, pg. 14)

A

Behavioural

63
Q

What is the most influential health determinant?

readings, ch 1 review questions, pg. 14

A

Income and Social status

64
Q

Health promotion activities are aimed at:

readings, ch 1 review questions, pg. 14

A

Increasing the level of well-being

NSG 1150 (2 decks)

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