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Intro to Dairy Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evaluated Macroscopically when observing sperm?

A

Volume and Density

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2
Q

What is seen in the sperm when observing Microscopically?

A

Motility and Morphology

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3
Q

What is Capaction?

A

When the sperm must be in the cows tract for 6-8 hours before it can fertilize

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4
Q

What is it called when the sperm head hits the egg and changes the head which also shuts off the egg from attracting other sperm?

A

Acrosome Reaction

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5
Q

What can be added to sperm to preserve it?

A

Egg yolk, milk, citrates and glycerol

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6
Q

How is the % pregnancy determined?

A

Fertility rate of the herd x herd members detected and inseminated x inseminator effciency x semen fertility

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7
Q

What are three Biosecurity goals?

A

1) Minimize treatment especially antibiotics.
2) Minimize transmission
3) maximize immune system (vaccinate)

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8
Q

List three common vaccines

A

Bangs-Burcellosis
J5-Mastitis
K99-BVD

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9
Q

Describe acute sickness

A

Presence of symptoms-loses a function (milk, calf etc)

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10
Q

Still functioning just at a lower level

A

subacute sickness

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11
Q

Describe metabolic

A

deficiency of a nutrient

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12
Q

Describe infectious

A

Pathogens from other sick vectors or the envrioment

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13
Q

List some pathogen types

A

Fungi, Bacteria, Prion, Protozoa, Virus, Amoeda

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14
Q

What is a vector?

A

Transferring agents such as parasites or mosquitoes

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15
Q

List two major herd health goals

A

Optimize immune system, Decrease pathogen load

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16
Q

Functional unit for milk production

A

Alveolus

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17
Q

What is the mammary system

A

Modified skin gland

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18
Q

What is the udder?

A

a group of 4 skin glands

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19
Q

What is a pendulous udder?

A

An udder that swings to low and isnt well attached to the body

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20
Q

What causes a pendulous udder?

A

Age, Mastitis, Genetics

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21
Q

T/F Milk will move between the four quarters

A

False

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22
Q

What percent will each quarter give?

A

Back will give 60% and front will produce 40% of total production

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23
Q

What ligament supports the udder?

A

Logitudinal

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24
Q

Where are the avioli in the udder?

A

The lobes

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25
Q

What is the purpose of the avioli in the lobes?

A

take the nutrients from the blood and put into the milk

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26
Q

How many pounds of blood must pass through the lobes to produce a pound of milk?

A

500 pounds

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27
Q

Which ducts are a heifer born with?

A

Primary

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28
Q

When are the secondary ducts formed?

A

Puberty

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29
Q

How much milk will the Grand cistern hold?

A

400 ml

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30
Q

How much does each teat cistern hold?

A

30-40 ml

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31
Q

Where is the milk stored?

A

Lumen

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32
Q

What is the major Carb in milk?

A

Lactose

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33
Q

What family does the cow belong to?

A

Bovidae

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34
Q

Genus of the cow

A

Bos

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35
Q

Species?

A

Indicus or Taurus (usually Taurus)

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36
Q

How long have cows been domesticated?

A

8000-10000 years

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37
Q

How many farms are in the us?

A

51,000

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38
Q

Avrage of cows per farm today?

A

115

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39
Q

What is the average lbs per cow of milk a year?

A

more than 20,000

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40
Q

What does DHIA stand for?

A

Dairy Herd Information Association

41
Q

What must sperm go through before it can fertilize an ooctye?

A

Compaction

42
Q

Semen straws are stored in?

A

Liquid nitrigen

43
Q

Milking Shorthorn

A

Bigger Beefy 1200lbs, Polled or Horned Brown

44
Q

Guensey

A

Golden Milk, 1100, fawn color

45
Q

pros and cons of Guerseys

A

Beta Karsien-Golden Milk, efficient feed production

small genetic pool,long repro tract

46
Q

Gurnsey imported to the US

A

1840

47
Q

Gursey originate

A

Isle of Gurnsey

48
Q

Jersey Orignate

A

Isle of Jersy

49
Q

Jersey imported to the US

A

1850

50
Q

pros and cons of Jersey

A

high components, feed efficent

Attitude, Less production

51
Q

Jersey charecteriscs

A

Small, dish face, light brown color

52
Q

Ayrshire characteristics

A

Dark red, 1200lbs, horned sometimes

53
Q

Brown Swiss look like?

A

Big ears, Black Points, large

54
Q

Ayrshire imported

A

1822

55
Q

Pros and Cons of Brown Swiss

A

docile, longevity, adabt

Stubborn, Large

56
Q

Brown Swiss originate

A

Swiss Alps

57
Q

Ayrshire pros and cons

A

Docile, good udder

Gene Pool, low production

58
Q

Milking Shorthorn pros and cons

A

Dual purpose, good repro, good feet and legs

Gene pool, low milk production

59
Q

Shorthorn imports

A

1783

60
Q

Shorthorn origin

A

Northeast England

61
Q

Ayrshire

A

County of Ayre

62
Q

Holstein Association formed

A

1885

63
Q

Holstein import

A

1852 Whitrop Chinery

64
Q

pros and cons Holstein

A

High production, gene pool

longevity, heat stress

65
Q

dairy cow percent are holstein

A

85

66
Q

Holstein origin

A

Holland

67
Q

Holstein origin

A

Holland

68
Q

Ovary funsction

A

produce estrogen and progesterone and eggs

69
Q

FSH

A

Follicule Stimulate Hormone, causes ovulation

70
Q

What makes estrogen

A

follicule

71
Q

CL does what?

A

Corpus Litium, makes progesterone

72
Q

GnRH?

A

Genetic released from the brain,

73
Q

Causes anestrus

A

nutrition, pregnant, waiting dry period, sunlight

74
Q

Good AI program consists of

A

Technique, Heat Detection, Facilities, Hygiene, Genetics, Nutrition, Herd Health

75
Q

Benefits of AI

A

gene pool, synchronization, lowers STD and recessive, dead bull use, more calves from bulls

76
Q

what hurts AI

A

dont use heat detection, sick bull, cyst in cow, nutrition

77
Q

stages of gestation

A

Ovum 0-13, Embryo, 14-45, Fetus 46-283

78
Q

Stages of birth

A

contraction, expulsion of fetus, expulsion of fetal membrane

79
Q

Genus and Species

A

Bos Tarus

80
Q

Chromosones

A

30 pair

81
Q

BLAD

A

Immune System

82
Q

DUMPS

A

Early embryonic Death

83
Q

Weaver

A

calf sway Brown swiss

84
Q

Limber Legs

A

Jersey, wobble legs

85
Q

PTA

A

Predicted Transmitting ability-Breed

86
Q

EPA

A

Estimated Producing ability-Herd

87
Q

CM

A

cheese merit

88
Q

PL

A

productive length

89
Q

SCS

A

Sumatic Cell Count

90
Q

Part that cups the ovary

A

Infundibulum

91
Q

M

A

Milk

92
Q

Abomasum

A

many folds,

93
Q

Reticulum

A

second part, honey comb, trip,

94
Q

Rumen

A

first part

95
Q

Omasum

A

water absorbation

96
Q

milk is synthesize in alveoli

A

secretary cells

97
Q

Major artery transporting blood to the mammary system?

A

Abdominal aorta

98
Q

Two major veins bringing blood away from the mammary system?

A

external pubic vein, subcutaneous abdominal vein

Intro to Dairy Science (2 decks)

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