Exam 1 Flashcards
Prima Facie
- your first thought, “floating rules”, know through intuition, universal guide, before you reason through things & really think about it
Moral Agents under Prima Facie
- Fidelity (no lies)
- Justice (give happiness)
- Beneficence (help better condition others)
- Self-Improvement
- Non-maleficence
if conflict, act in the more stringent one
benefits of Ross’s Ethics
can consider unique situations
problems with Ross’s Ethics
do we all have the same intuition?
diff edu, culture, beliefs
Ex: some cultures there is a duty to uphold your reputation ..this could be more important than a morality
define Moral Theory
explains why/how we judge certain actions
-difficult to use in stressful/emergency situations
define Moral Principles
are guidelines
uncontroversial
endorsed by moral theory
use a basis to go off of
Principle of Non-maleficience
do not cause NEEDLESSS harm
Beneficence
act in a way to promote welfare
-must have practical limitations, but how are those decided
Principle of Utility
what outcome has the greatest benefit and least harm to the most amount of people
example of utility
starting a health program, there are marginal returns
-screen for a inheritable disorder for one has treatment verses screening for one that doesn’t
define philosophy
the fundamentals about everything: existence, knowledge, values and mind
Meta-ethics
what ethical properties are
Normative ethics
moral theories and systematic ways of determining right action
Applied ethics
how to answer in real life situations using moral theories
FIT FAT
used to make bioethical decisions.. Facts Issues Thesis - yours For Against Triumph - why yours outweighs others
Justification of a theory DOES NOT and SHOULD NOT relate to
religion, faith, non-natural factors… only to rational persuations
Restrictions of autonomy are sometimes justified when look at these principles..
Harm, legal moralism, welfare, paternalism
Principle of Harm - prevent harm to others
Paternalism - to avoid one from harming self Ex: forced treatment
Legal Moralism - restrict immoral acts by making them illegal Ex: prostitution, gay marriage
Welfare principle - restrict autonomy to provide overall societal wealth/health
Paternalism
is justification of limiting autonomy if it’s best for someone even if it goes against their desires
state vs. personal paternalism
controlled by law vs. an individual deciding whats best for another
example of paternalism in the medical field
a patient is dependent on physician to make decisions of what would be best for them
-basically have to surrender autonomy, but how much?
Burt’s position of Physician/ patient relationship
it is not just the physicians job to implement patient’s desires but to ask them why, make sure they fully understand every aspect and argue with them if need be
Informed consent
the power dynamite between doc and pt. One needs to be informed to make a rational decision.
Why do we value autonomy?
without it we cannot determine our own lives
it is part of what makes us human is to be able to make decisions about our life
Are we actually rational ?
maybe
