Exam 1 Flashcards
Calcaneal
heel
occipital
base of skull
scapular
shoulder blade
vertebral
spinal column
olecranon
back of elbow
gluteal
buttock
popliteal
hollow behind knee
crural
calf
plantar
sole of foot
frontal
forehead
orbital
eye
otic
ear
buccal
cheek
nasal
nose
oral
mouth
mental
chin
sternal
breastbone
mammary
breast
umbilical
navel
coxal
hip
inguinal
groin
manual
hand
pubis
pubic
dorsum
top of foot
cranial
skull
facial
face
cervical
neck
acromial
point of shoulder
axillary
armpit
brachial
arm
antecubitis
elbow
antebrachium
forearm
carpal
wrist
palmar
palm
femoral
thigh
patellar
knee
tarsal
ankle
sacral
between hips
coccygeal
tailbone
toward the head end
superior (cranial)
away from head, toward the lower part of the body
inferior (caudal)
toward the front or belly side
anterior (ventral)
toward the back
posterior (dorsal)
toward the midline
medial
away from the midline
lateral
toward the surface of the body
superficial (external)
away from the surface of the body
deep (internal)
toward a structure’s origin or point of attachment to trunk
proximal
away from a structure’s origin or point of attachment to the trunk
distal
in the thoracic cavity, encases the lungs
pleura
in the thoracic cavity, encases the heart
pericardium
in the abdominopelvic cavity, encases the abdominal and pelvic organs
peritoneum
*found in the lining of the heart and allows for easy movement of molecules across the membrane via osmosis and diffusion
simple squamous epithelium
*capable of secretion and absorption and found in kidney tubules
simple cuboidal epithelium
*capable of absorption and secretion and found lining most of the digestive tract
simple columnar epithelium
protects underlying tissues and it is found in the lining of the mouth
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
*contains goblet cells that secrete mucus and found lining the trachea
pseudostratified epithelium
most abundant skin cell, produces keratin, and found in all epidermal layers
keratinocyte
- protect against bacteria
* found in stratum spinosum and migrate from bone marrow
langerhans cells
- found in stratum basale
* touch receptor
merkel cell
*found in stratum basale
*produce melanin
*
melanocyte
- most superficial layer
- 25-30 rows
- dead, flat keratinocytes
stratum corneum
- found only in thick skin of palm and sole
* 3-5 layers of flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes
stratum lucidum
- cells are dying
* becoming filled with keratin
stratum granulosum
- 8-10 layers of many-sided keratinocytes
* have characteristic “spiny” shape
stratum spinosum
- deepest layer
- contacts dermis
- single layer of actively dividing cells
stratum basale
- contacts stratum basale
* composed of loose connective tissue
papillary layer
- bulk of dermis
- composed of dense irregular connective tissue
- contacts hypodermis
reticular layer
palm or sole
thick skin
scalp
thin skin
- type of sudoriferous gland
- found mainly in axillae and genital region
- secretes substance responsible for body odor
apocrine sweat gland
- secretes sebum (an oil that lubricates skin)
- helps to waterproof skin
- puffy-cloud-like
sebaceous gland
- most common type of gland
- secretes watery sweat
- sweat evaporation cools skin
merocrine (eccrine gland)
- portion of hair above skin surface
* shaft and root consist of dead, keratinized cells
hair shaft
*portion of hair below skin surface
hair root
- bundle of smooth muscle fibers
- extends from hair follicle into dermis
- contracts to make hair stand up
arrector pilli muscle
- invagination of epidermal cells
* forms sheath around hair root
hair follicle
*group of cells at base of hair root
hair bulb
- connective tissue cells
* extend into hair bulb
papilla
- found in papillary layer of dermis
* detects light touch and pressure
meissner’s corpuscle
- found deep in reticular layer of dermis
* detects deep pressure
pacinian corpuscle
*bulk of nail
nail body
- thin layer of skin
* seals off nail root
cuticle
*at base of nail, half-moon-shaped
lunula
*produces new nail cells
nail matrix
*embedded under fold of skin
*nail root
*area of skin under nail body
nail bed
covers an axon
endoneurium
covers a fascicle
perineurium
covers a nerve
epineurium
supplies nerves to the brachial plexus
cervical enlargement
point at which spinal nerve arises from spinal cord
spinal nerve root
supplies nerves to the lumbosacral plexus
lumbar enlargement
8 pairs
cervical nerves
12 pairs
thoracic nerves
5 pairs
lumbar nerves
cone-shaped end of the spinal cord
conus medullaris
horse tail
cauda equina
extends from tip of conus medullaris to coccyx and anchors spinal cord within spinal cavity
filum terminale
between arachnoid mater and pia mater
contains cerebrospinal fluid
subarachnoid space
between dura mater and bony wall of vertebral canal
contains adipose tissue and blood vessels
epidural space
superficial layer of meninges
forms a tough, protective sac
dura mater
middle layer of meninges lying deep to dura mater
network of primarily collagen fibers
arachnoid mater
deepest layer of meninges
fused to surface of spinal cord
pia mater
contains axons of motor neurons and carries motor impulses to effector organs
ventral root
contains cell bodies of sensory neurons “swelling”
dorsal root ganglion
contains axons of sensory neurons
dorsal root
