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Psych 361 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Attitude

A

Favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction towards something or someone
Based on beliefs which are outcomes and values which are importantance

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2
Q

ABC’s of Attitude

A

Affective which are emotional. Behavioral component which are actions are observable behavior. Cognitive competent which are thought or beliefs

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3
Q

Affectively based attitude

A

Based on feelings, emotions, and values. Emotions register it or limbic system, the most primal area, very strong attitude formers. Can be contradictory.

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4
Q

Where do effectively based attitudes come from?

A

Peoples values, religion. Aesthetic reaction, the lines of a sculpture. Conditioning, habits. Sensory reaction, the sound of someone’s voice.

Attitudes transform with experience

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5
Q

Terminal values-overall life goals

A

Prosperous life. Exciting life. Sense of accomplishment. Salvation. Self-respect. Pleasure. Wisdom. True friendship. Equality.

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6
Q

Instrumental values-what we strive for

A

Ambitious. Broad-minded. Capable. Cheerful. Clean. Hopeful. Honest. Obedient. Loveing Responsible.

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7
Q

Conditioning-affectively based

A

Mere exposure effect-we will naturally gravitate toward the familiar.

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8
Q

Are our attitudes conscious or unconscious?

A

Explicit-attitudes that we consciously endorse and can easily report
Implicit-involuntary uncontrollable, sometimes unconscious.

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9
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

An uncomfortable feeling caused by holding two contradictory ideas, values, beliefs simultaneously

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10
Q

Rational behavior

A

Reasoning centers shut down when confronted with this event information . Emotional centers light up

Ways to reduce it: changing behavior, just the five behavior through changing one of the dissident cognitions conditions, justify our behavior by adding new cognition.

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11
Q

Post decision dissonance

A

Dissonance aroused typically reduced by enhancing the attractiveness of the chosen alternative/deevaluating the rejected alternatives

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12
Q

Locus of control

A

Subjective appraisal of factors that account for the occurrence of events and outcomes, an individual’s perception of all the underlying main causes of events in his or her life

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13
Q

External locus of control vs internal locus of control

A

Outcomes outside your control-determined by fate and independent of your hard work and decisions. Outcomes within eyour control determined by your hard work attributes or decisions.

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14
Q

Self-confidence

A

To trust in oneself and in particular in one’s ability or aptitude to engage successfully or at least adequately within the world

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15
Q

Self-esteem

A

Our cognitive and above all emotional appraisal of our own worth. More than that, it is the matrix through which we thunk, feel, and act, and reflects and determines our relation to ourselves, others and to the world

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16
Q

Schema

A

Mental template that helps us understand our world

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17
Q

Self schema

A

Beliefs about self that organized and guide the processing of self relevant information

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18
Q

Upward social comparison

A

Comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are on a particular ability

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19
Q

Downward social comparison

A

Comparing yourself to people who are worse than you on a particular trait or ability

20
Q

Negative self-esteem

A

Low self concept yet high ideals of who we can be can result in

21
Q

Learned helplessness (Martin Seligman)

A

Hopelessness and resignation is learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated or bad events

22
Q

Self-determination

A

Feeling in control. Development of self discipline. Choices and perceived control

23
Q

Self-serving attributions

A

Crediting internal forces for success, external factors for failure

24
Q

Belief in a just world (Marvin Lerner)

A

The assumption that people get with the desert and deserve what they get.

25
Q

Self presentation

A

Desire for people to believe we are a certain way (impression Management)

26
Q

Self handicapping

A

The strategy whereby people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly on a test, they can avoid blaming themselves

27
Q

Self-monitoring

A

Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in a social situation and just one’s performance to create the desired impression

28
Q

High self monitors

A

And justice situations more easily and are more socially skilled. Social chameleons. They have less intimate social relationships and an individualistic cultures may judge others more superficially.

29
Q

Low self monitors

A

Act in ways more consistent with their true thoughts and are less interested in bidding in or presenting the proper image. They may appear intensive or stubborn

30
Q

Individualists

A

Are more likely to self monitor and typically imagine what a pro typical person but I Deleigh do in the situation it is just behavior to fit the image

31
Q

Collectivists

A

Have context specific self concepts and are typically low self monitors that I think about what they usually do in a particular situation and act accordingly

32
Q

Trait self-esteem

A

Refers to an individual’s general pattern of self-esteem over a lifetime. This is a baseline level or internal setpoint. Self-esteem is a stable tree we have, not affect hisignificantly affected by various forces

33
Q

State self-esteem

A

Refers to the type of self-esteem which is vulnerable to him the menterry fluctuations. The flucuates up or down but eventually return sweet baselines of steam

34
Q

Self efficacy

A

The intersection of self-concept and self-esteem
Conceptualized by Bindura in year 1977 who was a social learning theorist
A persons estimate is that a given behavior will lead to a certain outcome. This in this is an extent to which we are able to achieve the goals we send

35
Q

Interpersonal

A

Good with people and thrive in social interactions. They are good at reading, empathizing, and understanding others. They are good at working with others and have many friends. They learn best through interaction and dialouge.

36
Q

Intrapersonal

A

Adept at looking inward and figuring out their own feelings, motivations and goals. They are introspective and seek understanding. They are intuitive and typically introverted. They learn best independently.

37
Q

Six primary Motives of the Self

A 
To be known 
To kniw oneself 
To feel in control 
O be viewed positively 
To view onself positively 
To view oneself positiviely 
To belong
38
Q

Categories of Self

A

Physical - physical self adaptions
Social- social role
Psychological - personality
Hollistic: comprehensive or vauge characteristics

39
Q

So what is the self

A

Sum of total of who and what we are (consciously and unconsciously)

  • Varies between people
  • Changes with experiences
  • changes with Effort

3 Frameworks: self concept, self esteem, self efficacy

40
Q

Looking Glass Self

A

A social psychologist concept, created by cooley 1902

A persons self grows out of society’s interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others

41
Q

The looking glass self: 3 step process

A

Step 1: we imagine how our personality and appears to others
Step 2: we imagine how other people judge the appearance we think we present in step one
Step 3: we develop a self concept based on how we feel we are judged in step two

42
Q

Functions of self esteem

A

Sense of belonging

Sense of meaningfulness

43
Q

How does self esteem develop

A

Others feedback- early in life
Positive Regard (Carl Rogers)
-positive Feedback Acceptance
- conditional Positive Regard: refers to giving positive regard and acceptance only in certain conditions
Unconditional Psoitive Regard: refers to giving positive regard and acceptance at all times and in all situations

44
Q

Empathetic Listening

A

Acknowldge
Summarize
Empathize vs Advise
-Capture the essence of the feeling

45
Q

Self Actualization

A 
Can only occur with Congruence 
Fully functioning persons. 
-open to experience 
Existential living 
Trust feelings creativity 
Fullfilled life

Psych 361 (1 decks)

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