Exam 1 Flashcards
Hermeneutics:
interpreting Scripture correctly
What standard do we measure Scripture by?
the Canon
Canon:
a measuring stick/rod
Autograph:
the original book written by the original author
The word Inspiration deals with…
…source - where did the Scripture come from
Inspiration: (Lt.)
to breath out
The word inerrancy deals with…
…accuracy - to what extent is Scripture accurate
3 Views of Inerrancy:
- Absolute Inerrancy
- Full Inerrancy
- Limited Inerrancy
Absolute Inerrancy:
Scripture is totally without error
Full Inerrancy:
The Bible is true, not a textbook but the events are phenomenal and correct.
Limited Inerrancy:
Only salvation passages are correct; everything else is up for grabs.
{Date} Current NT came together in final form in:
367 AD
What created the influx of pagans in 312/313 AD?
The Edict of Milan
The External Factor which caused the Church to begin identifying theology and which books were authoritative:
The influx of pagans into Christianity (Edict of Milan)
The Edict of Milan:
Constantine legalized Christianity
5 Internal Factors contributing to the NT Canon:
- Marcion’s Canon
- Justin
- Septuagint
- Irenaeus
- Origen
Marcion’s Canon:
Rejected the OT and only accepted Luke and Paul’s Epistles
Justin:
2nd Century Church Father considered the NT equal in authority to the OT
The Septuagint or LXX:
70 men translated the OT Scriptures into Greek
Irenaeus:
Knew of the 4 Gospels, 1 Peter, 1 John and Paul’s letters
Origen:
Coined the term “New Testament” and first list to emerge as a NT list of books
{Date} Council of Nicea met in…
325 AD
Council of Nicea:
Church fathers discussed “Who is Jesus?”
Arius:
Bishop thought Jesus was 50/50 (man/God)
Athanasius:
Bishop thought Jesus was fully man/fully God
Which Bishop’s position on Jesus won at the Council of Nicea?
Athanasius’ position
Orthodox:
right teaching
Heresy:
false teaching
Who compiled the first list of 27 NT books and in what year?
Athanasius in 367 AD
Codex:
a book with pages bound together in modern style
Uncial:
all capital letters, no spacing, no punctuation
Papyrus:
plant materials on which documents were writtten
Vellum:
treated calfskin
Parchment:
treated sheep skin (NT written on Parchment)
{Date} The Intertestamental Period:
600 BC - 0 AD
Hellenism:
gk. influence on the NT world
A conservative Jewish sect that arose in Palestine 150 BC as a result of Hellenism:
Hasidim
Hasidim were seeking to…
…restore the faith of their fathers (OT Judaism)
Hasidim aka.
. Pharisees
{Date} Rome Founded:
750 BC
Revived the state religion and took the Census in Luke 2
Augustus
Crucifixion of Jesus occurred under his reign
Tiberius
Mentally ill demanded to be worshipped as a god; assassinated by guards
Caligula
Strongly opposed foreign “cults” and expelled Aquila and Priscilla from Rome:
Claudius
Peter and Paul murdered under his rule blamed Christians for burning of Rome:
Nero
A soldier who had Jerusalem destroyed; built the coliseum:
Vespasian
Exiled John to Patmos:
Domitian
When was the fall of Jerusalem:
70 AD
What two aspects of Jewish life disappeared when Babylon destroyed the temple?
- The Monarchy
2. Prophetic Office
What replaced “Temple Worship”?
The Synagogue
The synagogue created a New Office:
The Scribe
Rebuilt the Temple twice the size and murdered Bethlehem’s babies:
Herod the Great
Inherited Judea and Samaria; reason Joseph went to Galilee:
Herod Archelaus
Inherited NE of Galilee married to Herodias; daughter Salome
Herod Philip:
Called a “Fox” by Jesus, married Herodias Killed John the Baptist
Herod Antipas
Regained Herod’s land, killed James Zebedee
Herod Agrippa I
Trial of Paul, sided with Rome in destruction of Jerusalem:
Herod Agrippa II
Polytheistic, assimilated from Gks:
Graeco-Roman Pantheon Religion
A theological salad bar; mix of various (mainly eastern) religions:
Mystery Religions
All roads lead to ___ but only one road leads to ___ ______
God; God salvifically
Passover:
Exodus from Egypt
Pentecost:
God giving law at Sinai
Feast of Trumpets:
New Year
Feast of Atonement (Yom Kippur):
Forgiveness of National Sin
Feast of Tabernacles:
Wanderings in the Desert
Feast of Lights:
Re-dedication of the Temple
- legalistic;
- largest religious group in the Bible;
- trying to protect faith in One God.
Pharisees
Meaning of the word Pharisees:
“purists” or “separatists”
Pharisees Theology:
Entire OT Canon, angels immortality of soul, physical resurrection of body, strict Sabbath adherence
- Strict interp. of the law
- denied angels and oral tradition
- no personal immortality:
Sadducees
Sadducees’ life centered around…
…sacrificing animals
What event caused the end of the Sadducees?
The destruction of the Temple
Ascetic, monk-like group, withdrew from Jerus. bc Pharisees too liberal
Essenes
Essenes two main beliefs:
Repentance and Baptism
Scholars believe what famous NT figure was raised by Essenes:
John the Baptist
Where were the Dead Sea scrolls found?
Qumran
Jewish Nationalists believed in freedom from Rome through violence:
Zealots
Two Famous Zealots:
- Simon the Apostle
2. Barrabas
What event ended the Zealots?
Destruction of the Temple in 70 AD
Syn- (Gk.)
Optic- (Gk.)
- together
- “to see”
3 Synoptic Gospels:
Matthew, Mark, Luke
The Synoptic Problem (Long):
- If 3 synoptic gospels are totally independent, why do they resemble each other, even to exact verbal agreement in places?
- If on other hand they collaborated, how could they be 3 independent witnesses to Christ?
Synoptic Problem Summary:
Did the writers copy each other, did they use a common source, or did they collaborate?
4 Theoretical Answers to the Synoptic Problem:
- Pre-Critical Explanation
- Tradition Theory
- Form Criticism
- Redaction Criticism
The early church fathers attempted a simple harmonization of the Gospels
Pre-Critical Explanation
A foundational document existed that no longer exists from which the three synoptics draw their sources
Tradition Theory
Period when the gospels were transmitted orally. These sources were compiled and circulated independently by the disciples
Form Criticism
Different gospels were written for different audiences
Redaction Criticism
Matthew’s Audience:
Jewish
Mark’s Audience:
Gentile
Luke’s Audience:
Theophilus
Two Document Theory:
Mark–> Matthew, Luke
Four Document Theory:
Same as Two Document but with two outside sources (M and L) contributing to Matthew and Luke respectively.
