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Clin Path > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Asinocytosis

A

Variation in cell size

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2
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Variation in cell shape

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3
Q

Echinocytes

A

Cells with evenly spaced and shaped projections
“Crenation”
Most commonly seen on blood films
Storage of blood or abnormal anti-coagulation ratio
Confused with acanthocyte (uneven projections)

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4
Q

SPECIFIC sign of RBC regeneration

A

Polychromasia, reticulocytes

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5
Q

In which species is it necessary to assess aggregate reticulocytes and punctate reticulocytes?

A

Cats

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6
Q

What type of anemia best fits an increased reticulocyte count and hypoproteinemia?

A

Blood loss anemia (losing both RBCs and proteins)

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7
Q

Conditions which may cause immune-mediated hemolytic disease?

A

Heartworm disease
Lymphoma
Lupus erythematous
Exposure to certain drugs

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8
Q

Schistocytes indicate the presence of

A

Fragmentation hemolysis

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9
Q

Oxidation of hemoglobin leads to

A

Heinz body formation
Methemoglbinemia
Eccentrocytes

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10
Q

Eccentrocytes formed when

A

Lipid membrane is oxidized

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11
Q

Heinz body formation/Heinz body hemolytic anemia occur more readily in what species?

A

Cats > dogs

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12
Q

Hallmark finding with lead toxicity?

A

Abberent metarubricytes
(Nucleated RBC without polychromasia)

Also seen: basophilic stippling

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13
Q

Causes of non-regenrative anemias?

A

Chronic inflammatory diseases:

Kidney, liver, cancer outside of marrow, endocrine

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14
Q

Laboratory features of erythrocytosis

A

Increased PCV
Increased TP
Hypernatremia, Hyperchloremia
Inc urine specific gravity

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15
Q

Types of erythrocytosis

A

Relative (most common)
Transient (splenic contraction, stress, etc.)
Absolute (due to primary or secondary diseases)

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16
Q

Erythrocytosis (polycytemia) is defined as

A

Increase in circulating RBC mass

17
Q

Consequences of PCV >65%

A

Hyperviscocity of blood

Poor perfusion/decreased oxygenation

18
Q

Most appropriate test to determind hemorrhagic potential of patient with vWF deficiency?

A

In clinic: BMBT

Can send of tests for special assays for vWF

19
Q

Patient has eaten coumarin-based rodenticide. Which test will show abnormality first?

A

PT

Coumarine-based rodenticide is vit K antagonist, affecting facotrs 2,7,9,10.
Factor 7 is first and has the shortest half-life
>70% deficiency necessary for test to be prolonged

20
Q

4 hallmarks of DIC

A

Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Schistocytes
Acantocytes

21
Q

Severe thrombocytopenia most likely due to

A

Increased platelet destruction

22
Q

Basophilic stippling is commonly seen in what animals?

A

Ruminants

23
Q

Rouleaux vs. Agglutination

A

Rouleaux- RBCs look like “roll of coins” due to inc. protein/fibrinogen

Agglutination- Grape-like clusters of RBCs due to specific binding of RBCs to antibodies. Indicative of autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Saline test will differentiate– rouleaux will disperse, agglutinated cells won’t

24
Q

What does increased MCHC indicate?

A

Nothing, always an artifact.

May be caused by heinz bodies, intravascular hemolysis, lipemia, agglutination

25
Q

Animal that lacks polychromatophils/reticulocytes in blood

A

Horses

26
Q

Significance of increased RCW

A

Large variation in RBC size

Anisocytosis

27
Q

What differentiates intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?

A

Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria

Seen in intravascular hemolysis since spleen cannot as readily filter cells

Would see increased MCHC in lab test

28
Q

Lifespan of Neutrophils, Platelets, RBCs

A

Neutrophils - 10 hours
Platelets - 10 days
RBCs - 100 days

29
Q

Definition and significance of spherocyte?

A

RBC that is totally round with no central pallor

Indicates IMHA

30
Q

Morphologies associated with cell fragmentation and associated diseases

A

Keratocytes, Acanthocytes, Schistocytes

Iron deficiency anemia, DIC, liver disease

31
Q

Most common non-regenerative anemia in domestic animals

A

Chronic inflammatory disease anemia

Usually normochromic, normocytic

32
Q

Most common non-regenerative anemia in domestic animals

A

Chronic inflammatory disease anemia

Usually normochromic, normocytic

Clin Path (2 decks)

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