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History Of psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

•Historiography

A
  • The writing of history, including techniques and strategies for investigating specific content areas
  • Philosophical questions about history and historical methods
  • The characteristics of a body of historical writings
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2
Q

•The Development of Historical Consciousness

A
  • Grows from belief that important events carry significance
  • Greeks
  • Encompasses awareness of flaws
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3
Q

•What is History?

A

Chronology of events that provides raw material for historians
•Interpretive study of the events of the human past

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4
Q

Empirical – data

A

DATA - the numbers, years , population

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5
Q

Explanatory

A

efforts to make sense of data

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6
Q

Presentism

A

separating historical facts from current perspectives

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7
Q

Cyclical Hypothesis

A

History repeats itself

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8
Q

Linear-Progressive Hypothesis

A

Each generation builds upon discoveries from previous generations

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9
Q

Chaos Hypothesis

A

History has no overall identifiable and universal meaning

Discourages any attempt to take responsibility for our future

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10
Q

Great-person Theory
Suggests that uncommon individuals transcend the conditions of their day and shape history through their courage, wisdom, or some other virtue

A

Great-person Theory
Suggests that uncommon individuals transcend the conditions of their day and shape history through their courage, wisdom, or some other virtue

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11
Q

Prevailing conditions, not individuals, forge historical events
-Zeitgeist

-Ortgeist

A

Zeitgeist
Spirit of a time
Ortgeist
Spirit of a place

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12
Q

Epistemology

A 
EA branch of philosophy concerned with theories of knowledge
Major distinctions include
A priori v. A posteriori knowledge
Nativism v. empiricism
Instinct  v. -learning

Before knowledge: we know things, born with knowledge and after knowledge: acquiring information from trail and error, parents, teachers

Ex: Born with maternal instincts
Survival instincts

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13
Q

Authority

A

Leaders

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14
Q

Empiricism

A

-observable facts: bias, difficult to study things not observable

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15
Q

Rationalism

A

Reason and logic

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16
Q

Pragmatism

A

Can be tested

17
Q

Aetheticism

A

Beauty (DNA)

18
Q

Skepticism

A

-all truth must be questioned

19
Q

Aristotle’s four causes

A 
Efficient – immediately preceding event
Material – physical substrate
Formal – shape
Final – purpose for which something exists
Teleology
20
Q

Teleology – purpose

A

Intrinsic teleology: argues that purpose imminent in nature

Extrinsic teleology: argues that purpose comes from an external designer

21
Q

Psychological determinism

A

the belief that there are causes, both known and unknown, for every behavior or experience.

22
Q

What is the relationship between the subjective mind and the physical brain?
.

A

What is the
Monistic : positions argue that everything is related to one fundamental thing.
Materialism :argues that everything is physical.
Idealism :argues that everything is mental.
Double aspect monism :argues that mind and brain are like two sides of the same coin.
Epiphenomenalism :suggests that mental states are only the overflow or byproduct of brain activity.

23
Q

Dualistic positions argue that mental and physical are two qualitatively different orders of reality.

A

Interactionism argues :that the mind and the body are fundamentally different but interact.
How do they interact?

Psychophysical parallelism : argues that mind and body coexist in a beautiful preestablished harmony without interaction.

Emergentism argues : that mental processes are produced by brain processes but are qualitatively different.

24
Q

Pluralism –

A

belief that there are many real things that may interact in a variety of ways

25
Q

Psychogeny

A

the study of the origin of consciousness or experience (psyche

26
Q

Hebrew

A

Radical mono theism : God was the reason for mental disorder

27
Q

Persia.

A

Zoroastrian

Good vs evil

Mental illness work of devil

28
Q

Greek

A

Nature and order of universe

Supernatural to natural / mental illness

29
Q

Greek relativism

A

Humans are the measure of all things

History Of psychology (2 decks)

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