Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the four classes of bio molecule?
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.
What is the central dogma?
The central dogma states that information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
In the central dogma, DNA to RNA is…
Transcription
In the central dogma, RNA to protein is..
Translation (takes place on large macro molecular complexes, ribosomes).
What is the Brownian motion?
The movement of molecules powered by random fluctuations of environmental energy. Typically, water initiates many biochemical interactions.
What is the common medium for thermal noises of Brownian motion?
Water.
What are the major properties of water?
Oxygen is electronegative.
Polar
Hydrogen bond
Linked by covalent bonds.
What are three fundamental noncovalent bonds?
(1) Ionic, or electrostatic interactions
(2) Hydrogen bonds
(3) Van der waals.
What are Ionic, or electrostatic interactions?
The interaction between distinct charges on atoms.
What is the Coulob’s Law?
F=(kq1q2)/(Dr^2) F= Force q1 & q2 = charges on the two atoms r= distance between two atoms D= Dielectric constant
What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?
Conservation of energy
- living organisms cannot create or destroy energy
- living organisms can transform energy.
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
Entropy of the universe is always increasing.
What is entropy?
the study of randomness.
Why are nonpolar solute molecules driven together in water?
They release water molecules.
What is the hydrophobic effect?
The process where non-polar molecules in aqueous solutions are driven together because of the increase in entropy of water molecules.
