Exam 1 Flashcards by Jessica Bond

Radioactive

Atom that spontaneously undergoes a reaction of the atomic nucleus

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Isotope

Different form of the same element

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What is in the nucleus?

Protons and neutrons

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Microscopic representation

Atomic size

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Macroscopic representation

We can see it (ex. A car)

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Symbolic representation

Short hand (ex. Fe, C, H, Cl)

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What is different about an isotope?

Different number of neutrons (therefore different mass)

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Compounds

Consist of 2 or more elements

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Scientific law

Provides explanations; well supported by measurements and observation

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Theory

Explains phenomena and based on observation, experiment, and reason

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Hypothesis

Requires facts that can be tested

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Precision

Exactness

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Accuracy

How close to an actual value

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Significant figures

Communicate exactness; #of didgets in a value

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Orbitals

S, p, d, f

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What shape is the s orbital?

Sphere

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What shape is the p orbital?

Dumbbell

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Nuclear fission

Large atoms split into smaller ones

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Tera-

10^12

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Giga-

10^9

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Mega-

10^6

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Kilo-

10^3

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Deci-

10^-1

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Centi-

10^-2

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Milli-

10^-3

Micro-

10^-6

Nano-

10^-9

Pico-

10^-12

NH4

Ammonium (1+)

Silver (1+)

Zinc (2+)

Copper (I)

Cu+

Copper (II)

Cu2+

iron(II)

Fe2+

Iron (III)

Fe3+

Hydroxide (1-)

CH3COO

Acetate (1-)

NO3

Nitrate (1-)

SO4

Sulfate (2-)

SO3

Sulfite (2-)

CO3

Carbonate (2-)

PO4

Phosphate (3-)

Molecules

Sharing electrons

Ions

Atoms or groups of atoms that posses an electric charge

Cations

Positive

Anions

Negative

ClO

Hypochlorite (1-)

ClO2

Chlorite (1-)

ClO4

Perchlorate (1-)

Chemical bonds

Name given to attractive forces that hold atoms together in a compound

Electronegativity

Ability to attract electrons

Delta negative

Stronger electronegative

Bond length

Distance from nucleus to nucleus

Bond strength

Energy required to break a band ***always add energy

Polar covalent

Very different (HF2)

Ionic bond

Metal and nonmetal

Covalent bond

2 non metals (very close)

Tetrahedron

4 parts

Trigonal pyramidal

3 parts

Trigonal planar

3 parts

Bent

2 parts

Linear

2 parts

Are multiple bonds longer or shorter?

Shorter but stronger

Degree of linear

180

Degree of bent

105

Degree of trigonal planar

120

Degree of trigonal pyramidal

107

Degree of tetrahedron

109

Octahedral

AX6 (90)

>1.9 electronegativ

Ionic

.9-1.9 electronegative

Polar covalent

0-.8 electronegative

Covalent