Exam 1 Flashcards
Vernix
- Fetal skin
- Covered in uterine with Vernix caseosa
- Greasy, white or yellow material
- Sebaceous glands secretions and exfoliated skin cells
- Water, lipids, and protein
- Present during the 3rd trimester
Lanugo
- In utero
- A soft, downy hair
- First appears at 20 weeks
- Covers entire body-including face
Acrocyanosis
- Bluish discoloration of the palms and feet
- Presents at birth and lasts up to 48 hours
- Exacerbated by low temperatures
- Benign in the normal, healthy infant
Plethora
- Ruddy or red appearance at birth
- indicative of a high level of RBCs
- CBC
- Assess symptoms
- Possibility of polycythemia; can be deadly to the baby. They’re at risk for clots, strokes, etc.
TEWL
“Transepidermal Water Loss”
- increased in premature infants (
Jaundice in 1st 24 hours
- Hemolytic disorders
2. TORCH (congenital infection)
Jaundice in 2nd day-3rd week
- Physiological
- Breast milk
- Sepsis
- Polycythemia
- Cephalohematoma
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- Hemolytic disorders
Jaundice: Appearance or persistence after 3rd week:
- Breast milk
- Hypothyroidism
- Pyloric stenosis
- Cholestasis
Cutis Marmorata
- Bluish mottling or marbling of the skin
- In response to chilling, stress, overstimulation
- Caused by dilatation of the capillaries
- Disappear when the infant is warmed
- Persistent C.M may be seen with Trisomy 21, 18, and Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Harlequin color change
- Seen only in the newborn period
- Common in LBW infants
- Lying on one side-sharply demarcated red color on the dependent half of the body
- Pale appearing opposite side
- When rotated the color reverses
- NO PATHOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE
- Temporary imbalance of the autonomic regulatory mechanism of the cutaneous vessels
Erythema toxicum
- Benign rash 70% of newborns
- Small, white or yellow papules, macules, pustules, or vesicles with an erythematous base
- Most common the face, trunk, extremities
- Disappears and reappears on a different part of the body
- Peak incidence is from 24-48 hours
- Cause unknown
- Definitive diagnosis - smear shows numerous eosinophils
Milia
- Multiple yellow or pearly white papules ~1mm in size
- Found on the brow, cheeks, nose
- In mouth = Epstein’s pearls
- Epidermal cysts caused by accumulation of sebaceous gland secretions
- Resolve spontaneously during 1st weeks
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia
- Numerous tiny (
Miliaria
- Prickly heat/heat rash*
- Obstruction on sweat ducts
- Forehead, scalp, creases most common; can be all over
- Three types, depending on severity:
(1) Crystallina: clear, thin vesicles 1-2mm
(2) Rubra: appear as small erythematous papules
(3) Profunda: secondary infection, rare - Treatment consists of eliminating precipitating factors
- Excessive heat, humidity
- Keep clean and dry
- Resolve within a few hours
Sebaceous nevus
- Small yellow papule or plaque
- Scalp and face
- Immature hair follicles, sebaceous glands
- Devoid of hair on the scalp
- Changes at puberty - enlarges & raised
- Small percentage transform into basal cell epithelioma
- Surgical removal
Neonatal acne
“Neonatal cephalic pustulosis”
- Benign
- Typically presents 2nd-3rd week of life
- Inflammatory papules and pustules
- Forehead, cheeks and nose
- Can last for 6-12 months
Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
[common pigmented lesions]
- Superficial, vesiculopustular lesions
- Rupture within 12-48 hours
- Leaving small pigmented macules
- Surrounded by white scales
- Remain up to 3 months
- Benign
- Aspiration reveals neutrophils, and almost NO eosinophils
Pigmented Nevi (Congenital melanocytic nevi, CMN)
[common pigmented lesions]
- Dark brown or black macules
- Proliferation of melanocytes
- Lower back and buttocks most common
- 1cm - 20 cm range
- 20 cm malignant changes
- Observe carefully; laser or surgical excision
Tuberous Sclerosis
[common pigmented lesions]
- Hereditary disorder
- Cutaneous & central nervous tumors
- Seizures, delays, and behavioral
- Hypopigmented, white macules
- Ash leaf macules “leaf” shaped
- Trunk & buttocks
- Very light in color!
Aplasia cutis congenita
[common pigmented lesions] "CUTIS APLASIA" - congenital abnormality - absence of some layers of skin - scalp - trisomy 13 (Patau's syndrome) - Rx: surgery
Identify a rash in this category: Linear
Contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
Identify a rash in this category: Annular
Tinea corporis (ring-worm)
Identify a rash in this category: Herpetiform
Herpes
Identify a rash in this category: Acriform
Erythema multiforme/Erythema marginatum (semi-circular, or arc-like)
Identify a rash in this category: Discoid
Discoid lupus erythematous (disk-shaped)
Identify a rash in this category: Nummular
Eczema (coin-shaped)
Identify a rash in this category: Guttate
Psoriasis
