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Micronutrients > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mineral Elements

A

Mineral elements make up 4% of body weight

>0.005% Macrominerals = Ca, P, Na, S, Cl, Mg, and K

<0.005% Microminerals = Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, I

Ca most found minera in body

Vitamins amt less than minerals very small amt

*Not based on size but amount found in body

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2
Q

Nutrient Classification

A

Macronutrients

  1. PTN (AAs)
  2. Fat (EFAs)
  3. CHO and Fiber

MIcronutrients

  1. Vitamins
  2. Minerals

Water and Oxygen

  1. body needs oxygen not essential
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3
Q

Essential Nutrients

A

required for normal body function

cannot synthesize enough of it in the body

inadequate intake = deficiency

Vit D and B3 can be synthesized but still need and is essential

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4
Q

Macronutrients

A
  • major mass of body
  • large dietary requirement
  • energy source
  • structural function
  • able to inter-convert ex: PTN->CHO by gluconeogenesis
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5
Q

Micronutrients

A
  • small % of body mass
  • small dietary requirement (mostly mg or µg only Ca is grams)
  • regulatory function (metabolic pathways)
  • not inter-convertible
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6
Q

Amounts of Minerals in 60 kg Human Body

A

Major Minerals

  • Those presents in amount above 5g (a teaspoon) 454g = 1lb
    • Ca 1150 g = 2.5 lbs
    • P 600 g = 1.3 lbs
    • K 210 g
    • S 150 g
    • Na 90 g
    • Cl 90 g
    • Mg 30 g

Trace Minerals (over a dozen just some listed)

  • Fe 2.4 g
  • Zn 2 g
  • Cu 0.09 g
  • Mn 0.02 g
  • I 0.02 g
  • Se 0.02g
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7
Q

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

A
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin K

*A DEK

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8
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A
  • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
  • B-complex Vitamins
    • Thiamin B1
    • Riboflavin B2
    • Niacin B3
    • Pantothenic Acid
    • Biotin
    • Vitamin B6
    • Folic Acid
    • Vitamin B12
    • Vitamin B6
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9
Q

History of Vitamins

A
  • 1881 Lunin - mice small quantities of unknown substances in milk
  • 1912 Funk - Vitamine (NH2 amine group found) anti-beriberi substance
    • vitamine->vital+amine
  • 1920 dropped E because not all vitamins are amines
  • 1933 Riboflavin was isolated from milk
    • chemical name riboflavin
    • common name B2 (since water soluble)
    • B1 has a chemical name of Thiamin

First purified vitamin B, Thiamin (1916)

*Know! bolded

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10
Q

Vitamin

A
  • organic micronutrients
  • have fundamental functions
    • growth
    • maintenance of health
    • metabolism
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11
Q

Vitamers (know!)

A

Vitamer - multiple forms of one vitamin

Example: Vitamin A

Precursor in food - Beta-carotene

Function in body - Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic Acid

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12
Q

DRIs

A

Dietary Reference Values with goal to prevent nutrient deficiencies but also to reduce chronic disease

  1. EAR
  2. RDA
  3. AI
  4. UL
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13
Q

EAR

A

Estimated Average Requirement (individualized specific)

  • daily nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirements of healthy individuals in a life stage and gender group
  • used to assess dietary adequacy and as the basis for the RDA

*NEED EAR for RDA*

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14
Q

RDA

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance (generalized)

  • average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly (97-98%) all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
  • EAR + 2SD

*RDA is higher than EAR

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15
Q

AI

A

Adequate Intake

  • a recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined approx. or estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people, that are assumed to be adequate
  • Used when RDA can’t be determined (NO EAR value) Childhood bc not full research

Recommended is generalized and higher than a requirement.

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16
Q

UL

A

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

  • highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for almost all individuals in the general population.
  • As intake increases above UL the potential risk of adverse effects increases as well.
  • only given for toxic level nutrients NOT ALL NUTRIENTS

Above UL

NOAEL - No observed adverse effect level

LOAEL - Low observed adverse effect level

17
Q
A

Micronutrients (1 decks)

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