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Vis Dis > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

WBC casts are indicative of?

A

pyelonephritis

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2
Q

Patient presents with a bees sting and severe edema (an indication of nephrotic syndrome); what would you expect to find in the urine?

A

protein

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3
Q

Patient has been in the office on a few occasions, and on each occasion the UA results show a SpG of 1.010. What does this indicate or how is it significant?

A

renal failure

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4
Q

Which test evaluates the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine?

A

SpG

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5
Q

Your patient is an alcoholic, their UA– dark yellow urine, increased bilirubin; what do you suspect? (there is also increased tyrosine)

A

liver disease

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6
Q

If your patient has microhematuria what findings might you expect to see on the UA?

A

occult blood, RBC’s and yellow colored urine

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7
Q

You take a lateral lumbar film on your patient who has a renal calculi, where would you expect to find the stone?

A

overlying the vertebral body

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8
Q

The UA you took on a patient was left out at room temperature, what might you expect to find present?

A

RBC lysis

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9
Q

What do RBC casts indicate?

A

glomerular nephritis

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10
Q

What is a primary indicator of renal disease?

A

proteinuria

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11
Q

Patient presents with left arm pain, there is an occult blood present, what do you expect to find in the urine?

A

myoglobinuria (MI)

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12
Q

Patients UA shows yellow color urine which is hazy, pH of 6, frequent epithelial cells, +2 bacteria, what is your diagnosis?

A

vaginal contamination

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13
Q

patient has pain on urination, increase bacteria, cloudy urine, 30-40 WBCs, what is your diagnosis?

A

cystitis (UTI)

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14
Q

6 year old patients with smokey colored urine, +2 proteins, 3RBC casts, and occult blood, what is your diagnosis?

A

glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

40 year old male patient with pH 6, 1.5 urobillinogen, greenish brown colored urine, patient complains of right upper quadrant pain, what is your diagnosis?

A

liver dysfunction

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16
Q

what is the confirmatory test for protein?

A

SSA

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17
Q

orthostatic proteinuria indicates normal urine when _____ and proteinuria when ____ and may be associated with ____?

A

supine, standing, hyperlordosis

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18
Q

flank pain might be associated with what color of urine?

A

smokey

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19
Q

right upper quadrant pain might be associated with ___ problems and urine colored ____?

A

liver, brownish/green

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20
Q

isothenuria is indicated with what measurement and indicates what?

A

SpG of 1.010, end stage renal failure

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21
Q

what does an SSA study confirm?

A

proteinuria

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22
Q

Where are casts formed?

A

renal tubules

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23
Q

Excess glucose in the urine may indicate?

A

diabetes

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24
Q

increased RBCs and change in color indicate what?

A

hematuria

25
Q

increased RBCs and change no change in color indicate what?

A

microhematuria

26
Q

increased WBC and burning upon urination indicate?

A

lower UTI

27
Q

what is the normal range for SpG?

A

1.015-1.035

28
Q

A fruity or sweet odor to urine might indicate?

A

diabetes mellitus

29
Q

a foul or fishy smell to urine may indicate?

A

UTI

30
Q

a feces odor to urine may indicate?

A

asparagus, enterobladder fistula

31
Q

what is the normal range of pH for urine?

A

4.5-7.5

32
Q

What is normal range of pH in the blood?

A

7.35-7.45

33
Q

A patient presents with pH 5, +2 sugar and some ketones. what might the diagnosis be?

A

diabetic acidosis

34
Q

a patient presents with a pH 5 but everything else in within the normal ranges and the patient has emphysema. what might the diagnosis be?

A

respiratory acidosis

35
Q

what stones are most likely to form in acidic urine?

A

xanthine, cysteine, and uric acid

36
Q

what stones are most likely to form in alkaline urine?

A

calcium carbonate, calcium and magnesium, magnesium phosphate stones

37
Q

a diet high in what promotes alkaline pH in the urine?

A

a diet high in vegetable and citrus fruit

38
Q

a diet high in what promotes acidic pH in urine?

A

a diet high in meats and cranberries

39
Q

in diabetic patients, ketonuria suggest what?

A

uncontrolled disease

40
Q

how much of hematuria in children is idiopathic?

A

1/3

41
Q

protein in the urine suggest what type of urinary tract infection?

A

upper UTI

42
Q

is urolithiasis more common in males or females?

A

males

43
Q

pain starting in the kidney and radiating in the abdomen genitalia and legs may be indicative of?

A

renal calculi

44
Q

which amino acids present in the urine may indicate sever liver disease?

A

tyrosine, leusine and cystosine (TLC)

45
Q

when the report does not indicate what type of epithelial cells were found, what type is generally assumed?

A

squamous

46
Q

renal epithelial cells present in the urine may indicate what?

A

kidney disease

47
Q

if bacteria and epithelial cell are present without any other findings indicating infection (no WBC, no mucous or nitrates) what may be indicated?

A

contamination (especially vaginally)

48
Q

RBC blood casts come from what?

A

upper urinary tract bleeding

49
Q

WBC blood casts come from what?

A

upper urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis)

50
Q

a very low specific gravity to urine may indicate what?

A

the kidney is not functioning properly

51
Q

pyelonephritis is an infection of what part of the kidney?

A

the interstitium

52
Q

a milky coloring of the urine may indicate what?

A

hyperlipidemia

53
Q

proteins are usually present with what type of UTI?

A

U UTI

54
Q

pubic pain is usually present with what type of UTI?

A

L UTI

55
Q

casts are not usually present with what type of UTI?

A

L UTI

56
Q

flank pain is usually associated with what type of UTI?

A

L UTI

57
Q

lower back pain is usually associate with what type of UTI?

A

L UTI

58
Q

glitter cells might indicate what?

A

UTI

59
Q

waxy, broad and fatty casts might indicate what?

A

chronic renal failure

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