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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

WBC casts are indicative of?

A

pyelonephritis

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2
Q

Patient presents with a bees sting and severe edema (an indication of nephrotic syndrome); what would you expect to find in the urine?

A

protein

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3
Q

Patient has been in the office on a few occasions, and on each occasion the UA results show a SpG of 1.010. What does this indicate or how is it significant?

A

renal failure

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4
Q

Which test evaluates the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine?

A

SpG

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5
Q

Your patient is an alcoholic, their UA– dark yellow urine, increased bilirubin; what do you suspect? (there is also increased tyrosine)

A

liver disease

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6
Q

If your patient has microhematuria what findings might you expect to see on the UA?

A

occult blood, RBC’s and yellow colored urine

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7
Q

You take a lateral lumbar film on your patient who has a renal calculi, where would you expect to find the stone?

A

overlying the vertebral body

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8
Q

The UA you took on a patient was left out at room temperature, what might you expect to find present?

A

RBC lysis

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9
Q

What do RBC casts indicate?

A

glomerular nephritis

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10
Q

What is a primary indicator of renal disease?

A

proteinuria

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11
Q

Patient presents with left arm pain, there is an occult blood present, what do you expect to find in the urine?

A

myoglobinuria (MI)

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12
Q

Patients UA shows yellow color urine which is hazy, pH of 6, frequent epithelial cells, +2 bacteria, what is your diagnosis?

A

vaginal contamination

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13
Q

patient has pain on urination, increase bacteria, cloudy urine, 30-40 WBCs, what is your diagnosis?

A

cystitis (UTI)

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14
Q

6 year old patients with smokey colored urine, +2 proteins, 3RBC casts, and occult blood, what is your diagnosis?

A

glomerulonephritis

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15
Q

40 year old male patient with pH 6, 1.5 urobillinogen, greenish brown colored urine, patient complains of right upper quadrant pain, what is your diagnosis?

A

liver dysfunction

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16
Q

what is the confirmatory test for protein?

A

SSA

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17
Q

orthostatic proteinuria indicates normal urine when _____ and proteinuria when ____ and may be associated with ____?

A

supine, standing, hyperlordosis

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18
Q

flank pain might be associated with what color of urine?

A

smokey

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19
Q

right upper quadrant pain might be associated with ___ problems and urine colored ____?

A

liver, brownish/green

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20
Q

isothenuria is indicated with what measurement and indicates what?

A

SpG of 1.010, end stage renal failure

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21
Q

what does an SSA study confirm?

A

proteinuria

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22
Q

Where are casts formed?

A

renal tubules

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23
Q

Excess glucose in the urine may indicate?

A

diabetes

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24
Q

increased RBCs and change in color indicate what?

25
increased RBCs and change no change in color indicate what?
microhematuria
26
increased WBC and burning upon urination indicate?
lower UTI
27
what is the normal range for SpG?
1.015-1.035
28
A fruity or sweet odor to urine might indicate?
diabetes mellitus
29
a foul or fishy smell to urine may indicate?
UTI
30
a feces odor to urine may indicate?
asparagus, enterobladder fistula
31
what is the normal range of pH for urine?
4.5-7.5
32
What is normal range of pH in the blood?
7.35-7.45
33
A patient presents with pH 5, +2 sugar and some ketones. what might the diagnosis be?
diabetic acidosis
34
a patient presents with a pH 5 but everything else in within the normal ranges and the patient has emphysema. what might the diagnosis be?
respiratory acidosis
35
what stones are most likely to form in acidic urine?
xanthine, cysteine, and uric acid
36
what stones are most likely to form in alkaline urine?
calcium carbonate, calcium and magnesium, magnesium phosphate stones
37
a diet high in what promotes alkaline pH in the urine?
a diet high in vegetable and citrus fruit
38
a diet high in what promotes acidic pH in urine?
a diet high in meats and cranberries
39
in diabetic patients, ketonuria suggest what?
uncontrolled disease
40
how much of hematuria in children is idiopathic?
1/3
41
protein in the urine suggest what type of urinary tract infection?
upper UTI
42
is urolithiasis more common in males or females?
males
43
pain starting in the kidney and radiating in the abdomen genitalia and legs may be indicative of?
renal calculi
44
which amino acids present in the urine may indicate sever liver disease?
tyrosine, leusine and cystosine (TLC)
45
when the report does not indicate what type of epithelial cells were found, what type is generally assumed?
squamous
46
renal epithelial cells present in the urine may indicate what?
kidney disease
47
if bacteria and epithelial cell are present without any other findings indicating infection (no WBC, no mucous or nitrates) what may be indicated?
contamination (especially vaginally)
48
RBC blood casts come from what?
upper urinary tract bleeding
49
WBC blood casts come from what?
upper urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis)
50
a very low specific gravity to urine may indicate what?
the kidney is not functioning properly
51
pyelonephritis is an infection of what part of the kidney?
the interstitium
52
a milky coloring of the urine may indicate what?
hyperlipidemia
53
proteins are usually present with what type of UTI?
U UTI
54
pubic pain is usually present with what type of UTI?
L UTI
55
casts are not usually present with what type of UTI?
L UTI
56
flank pain is usually associated with what type of UTI?
L UTI
57
lower back pain is usually associate with what type of UTI?
L UTI
58
glitter cells might indicate what?
UTI
59
waxy, broad and fatty casts might indicate what?
chronic renal failure

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