Exam 1 Flashcards
WBC casts are indicative of?
pyelonephritis
Patient presents with a bees sting and severe edema (an indication of nephrotic syndrome); what would you expect to find in the urine?
protein
Patient has been in the office on a few occasions, and on each occasion the UA results show a SpG of 1.010. What does this indicate or how is it significant?
renal failure
Which test evaluates the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine?
SpG
Your patient is an alcoholic, their UA– dark yellow urine, increased bilirubin; what do you suspect? (there is also increased tyrosine)
liver disease
If your patient has microhematuria what findings might you expect to see on the UA?
occult blood, RBC’s and yellow colored urine
You take a lateral lumbar film on your patient who has a renal calculi, where would you expect to find the stone?
overlying the vertebral body
The UA you took on a patient was left out at room temperature, what might you expect to find present?
RBC lysis
What do RBC casts indicate?
glomerular nephritis
What is a primary indicator of renal disease?
proteinuria
Patient presents with left arm pain, there is an occult blood present, what do you expect to find in the urine?
myoglobinuria (MI)
Patients UA shows yellow color urine which is hazy, pH of 6, frequent epithelial cells, +2 bacteria, what is your diagnosis?
vaginal contamination
patient has pain on urination, increase bacteria, cloudy urine, 30-40 WBCs, what is your diagnosis?
cystitis (UTI)
6 year old patients with smokey colored urine, +2 proteins, 3RBC casts, and occult blood, what is your diagnosis?
glomerulonephritis
40 year old male patient with pH 6, 1.5 urobillinogen, greenish brown colored urine, patient complains of right upper quadrant pain, what is your diagnosis?
liver dysfunction
what is the confirmatory test for protein?
SSA
orthostatic proteinuria indicates normal urine when _____ and proteinuria when ____ and may be associated with ____?
supine, standing, hyperlordosis
flank pain might be associated with what color of urine?
smokey
right upper quadrant pain might be associated with ___ problems and urine colored ____?
liver, brownish/green
isothenuria is indicated with what measurement and indicates what?
SpG of 1.010, end stage renal failure
what does an SSA study confirm?
proteinuria
Where are casts formed?
renal tubules
Excess glucose in the urine may indicate?
diabetes
increased RBCs and change in color indicate what?
hematuria
increased RBCs and change no change in color indicate what?
microhematuria
increased WBC and burning upon urination indicate?
lower UTI
what is the normal range for SpG?
1.015-1.035
A fruity or sweet odor to urine might indicate?
diabetes mellitus
a foul or fishy smell to urine may indicate?
UTI
a feces odor to urine may indicate?
asparagus, enterobladder fistula
what is the normal range of pH for urine?
4.5-7.5
What is normal range of pH in the blood?
7.35-7.45
A patient presents with pH 5, +2 sugar and some ketones. what might the diagnosis be?
diabetic acidosis
a patient presents with a pH 5 but everything else in within the normal ranges and the patient has emphysema. what might the diagnosis be?
respiratory acidosis
what stones are most likely to form in acidic urine?
xanthine, cysteine, and uric acid
what stones are most likely to form in alkaline urine?
calcium carbonate, calcium and magnesium, magnesium phosphate stones
a diet high in what promotes alkaline pH in the urine?
a diet high in vegetable and citrus fruit
a diet high in what promotes acidic pH in urine?
a diet high in meats and cranberries
in diabetic patients, ketonuria suggest what?
uncontrolled disease
how much of hematuria in children is idiopathic?
1/3
protein in the urine suggest what type of urinary tract infection?
upper UTI
is urolithiasis more common in males or females?
males
pain starting in the kidney and radiating in the abdomen genitalia and legs may be indicative of?
renal calculi
which amino acids present in the urine may indicate sever liver disease?
tyrosine, leusine and cystosine (TLC)
when the report does not indicate what type of epithelial cells were found, what type is generally assumed?
squamous
renal epithelial cells present in the urine may indicate what?
kidney disease
if bacteria and epithelial cell are present without any other findings indicating infection (no WBC, no mucous or nitrates) what may be indicated?
contamination (especially vaginally)
RBC blood casts come from what?
upper urinary tract bleeding
WBC blood casts come from what?
upper urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis)
a very low specific gravity to urine may indicate what?
the kidney is not functioning properly
pyelonephritis is an infection of what part of the kidney?
the interstitium
a milky coloring of the urine may indicate what?
hyperlipidemia
proteins are usually present with what type of UTI?
U UTI
pubic pain is usually present with what type of UTI?
L UTI
casts are not usually present with what type of UTI?
L UTI
flank pain is usually associated with what type of UTI?
L UTI
lower back pain is usually associate with what type of UTI?
L UTI
glitter cells might indicate what?
UTI
waxy, broad and fatty casts might indicate what?
chronic renal failure
