Exam 1

Question 1

Cognate

Answer 1

a form in a language that appears to be derived from the original form, but is also found in other languages

Question 2

Reflex

Answer 2

a form descended only from the proto-language

Question 3

Proto-form

Answer 3

the re-constructed/original language that several languages derive from. Languages in a language family are derived from a language.

Question 4

language family

Answer 4

languages that are related through a common proto-languages

Question 5

Analogical leveling

Answer 5

regularizes what is different in a language

Question 6

Analogical extension

Answer 6

extends the usage of an unusual pattern

Question 7

Neogrammarians

Answer 7

developed and advocated the comparative method and the idea that sound change is regular.

Question 8

Lenition

Answer 8

weakening of sound. Less sonorous to more sonorous. stops>affricates>fricatives>nasals>liquids>glides>vowels

Question 9

Fortition

Answer 9

strengthening of sound more sonorous to less sonorous

vowels>glides>liquids >nasals>fricatives>affricates>stops

Question 10

syncope

Answer 10

loss of segments in the middle of a word

Question 11

metathesis

Answer 11

change of the order of sound

Question 12

epenthesis

Answer 12

a vowel is added in the middle of a word to break up two consonants in a cluster

Question 13

apocope

Answer 13

loss of a sound in the middle

Question 14

syncope

Answer 14

loss of a sound at the end