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Living Religions of the World > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ogala

A

Part of Teton Sioux, buffalo very important

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2
Q

Mana

A

free flowing power in the universe capable of either enhancing or diminishing life

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3
Q

Wakan

A

“great spirit,” “sacred,” “divine”

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4
Q

Brahman

A

Absolute, world-soul

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5
Q

Puja

A

worship

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6
Q

Atman

A

self

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7
Q

Brahman-Atman

A

sense of self with the higher feeling

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8
Q

Moksha

A

release, release from cycle

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9
Q

Brahma

A

Lord of all creature, society, nature

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10
Q

Vishnu

A

the preserver, controller of human fate; returns in times of moral decline to restore justice

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11
Q

Shiva

A

complex, loving, and full of grace; great ascetic, god of procreation. Source of good and evil

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12
Q

Avatar

A

manifestation of a deity

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13
Q

Krishna

A

avatar of Vishnu; hero, lover, warrior, king

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14
Q

Vedas

A

“sacred knowledge” Sacred text. Brahmins, four collections of hymns and ritual texts

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15
Q

Rig Veda

A

Agni, Indra, Varuna

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16
Q

Upanishad

A

“to sit down near”

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17
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

“song of the lord”

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18
Q

Jhana yoga

A

Path of Knowledge

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19
Q

Bhakti Yoga

A

Path of Devotion

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20
Q

Dharma

A

Duty

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21
Q

Dharmashastras

A

Genre of Sanskirt text relating to religious and legal duties

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22
Q

Artha

A

Work

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23
Q

Kama

A

desire

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24
Q

Moksha

A

Release

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25
Q

Brahmacarin

A

pursuing sacred knowledge

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26
Q

Grishastha

A

householder

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27
Q

Vanaprastha

A

forest dweller

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28
Q

Sannyasin

A

renunciation

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29
Q

Caste System:

A

class structure determined by birth

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30
Q

Brahmins

A

priests

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31
Q

Kshatriyas

A

warriors, administrators

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32
Q

Vaishyas

A

belonging to the people, producers

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33
Q

Shundras

A

servants

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34
Q

Chandalas

A

untouchables

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35
Q

Acharya

A

The leading teacher of a sect or the head of a monastery

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36
Q

Advaita

A

Shankara’s school of philosophy, which holds that there is only one ultimate reality, the indescribable Brahman, with which the Atman or self is identical

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37
Q

Alvars

A

12 devotional poets in South India whose works are central to the bhkati tradition

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38
Q

Ashramas

A

4 stages in life of an upper-class male: student, householder, forest dweller and ascetic

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39
Q

Avatara

A

Descent or incarnation of a diety in earthly form

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40
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

Conversation between Krishna and Arjuna, explains nature of God and human soul

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41
Q

Bhakti

A

Loving devotion to diety seen as a gracious being who enters the world for the benefit of humans

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42
Q

Brahmanas

A

Section of Vedas that concern ritual

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43
Q

Brahmin

A

Member of priestly class

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44
Q

Darshana

A

Seeing and being seen by the deity in the temple or by a holy teacher, the experience of beholding with faith

45
Q

Deepavali

A

(Divali) Festival of light in Oct-Nov, lamps lit

46
Q

Devanagari

A

Alphabet used to write Sanskirt, Hindi and Bengali

47
Q

Jnana

A

Knowledge

48
Q

Kshatriyas

A

Member of warrior class

49
Q

Mahabharata

A

Very long epic poem

50
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation from cycle of birth and death

51
Q

Murti

A

Form or personification in which divinity is manifested

52
Q

Navarati

A

Nine nights

53
Q

Prasada

A

Gift from deity

54
Q

Puja

A

Ritual household worship of deity

55
Q

Puranas

A

old tales, stories

56
Q

Rishis

A

Composers of ancient Vedic hymns

57
Q

Sadhus

A

holy men

58
Q

Sati

A

self sacrifice of a widow

59
Q

Shruti

A

what is heard of sacred literature

60
Q

Shudras

A

Members of lowest class, usually servants

61
Q

Smrti

A

What is remembered

62
Q

Tilaka

A

Dot on forhead

63
Q

Upanayana

A

Initiation of a young brahmin boy into ritual responsibility

64
Q

Upanishads

A

Philosophical texts in the form or reported conversations

65
Q

Vaishyas

A

Members of the 3rd or merchant caste

66
Q

Itihasa

A

Religious story that tells what happened in past. Includes, Ramayana, Mahbrharta, Bhagavad Gita

67
Q

Vedanta

A

one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy

68
Q

Ayurvedic

A

“knowledge of living” or the “science of longevity”, medicine

69
Q

Dharana

A

Sixth stage

70
Q

Dhyana

A

Seventh stage

71
Q

Nirguna

A

eternal all-pervading and omnipresent divine consciousness

72
Q

Samadhi

A

Intense concentration achieved through meditation, final stage in Hindu yoga, union with divine is reached before or at death

73
Q

Abhidhamma

A

“Special Teaching,” basket 3rd

74
Q

Arhat

A

Worthy one

75
Q

Dhamma

A

teaching, path, way

76
Q

Dukkha

A

the suffering

77
Q

koan/gongan

A

A paradoxical thought exercise used in the Chan-Zen tradition to provoke a breakthrough in understanding by forcing students past the limitations of verbal formulations and logic.

78
Q

Mara

A

Lord of Death

79
Q

Sutra

A

a discourse of sermon attributed either to Shakyamuni himself or to an important disciple

80
Q

Siddhartha

A

Leader of Buddhism

81
Q

Mudra

A

a pose or gesture in artistic representations of Buddha figures; by convention, each mudra has a specific symbolic meaning.

82
Q

Stupa

A

originally a hemispherical mound built to contain cremation ashes or a sacred relic; in East Asia the stupa developed into the tower-like pagoda

83
Q

Zazen

A

Sitting meditation in Chan-Zen tradition

84
Q

Anatman

A

No soul

85
Q

Hinayana

A

Lesser vehicle

86
Q

Mahayana

A

Greater vehicle

87
Q

mandala

A

a chart-like representation of cosmic Buddha figures that often serves as a focus of meditation and devotion in the Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions

88
Q

Nirvana

A

“blowing out,” end of the cycle of reincarnation, the state of bliss associated with final enlightenment; nirvana ‘with remainder’ is the highest level possible in this life, and nirvana ‘without remainder’ is the ultimate state

89
Q

samadhi

A

a higher state of consciousness, achieved through meditation

90
Q

Shunyata

A

The Emptiness that is held to be ultimately characteristic of all things, stressed especially by the Madhyamika school

91
Q

Vajrayana

A

the tantric branch of Buddhism, which became established in Tibet and the Himalayan region and later spread to Mongolia and India

92
Q

Vinaya

A

the rules of practice and conduct for monks; a section of the Pali canon

93
Q

Dhammapada

A

a collection of sayings of the Buddha in verse form and one of the most widely read and best known Buddhist scriptures

94
Q

Tanha

A

thrist, craving or desire

95
Q

Tao Tsang

A

the Taoist canon

96
Q

te

A

virtue, power, working

97
Q

Chuang-tzu

A

the second most important book of the Taoist scriptures, stories, morals

98
Q

Yijing

A

The Classic or Book of Changes, The Way of the Universe

99
Q

Shujing

A

The Classic of Documents or Book of History, good and bad qualities of governments and institutions

100
Q

Shijing

A

The Classic of Odes or Book of Poetry, 300 poems

101
Q

Liji

A

The Records of Book of Rites, devotion, principles behind particular rites, caring for one’s family, philosophical discussions

102
Q

Chunqiu

A

The Spring and Autumn Annals, chronicle of events in Confucius’s native state of Lu from 722 to 482 BCE, guide to moral laws and principles in the management of human affairs

103
Q

Chung yung

A

Doctrine of the Mean—aspects of virtue: moderation, right conduct, decorum, sincerity; “keep to the middle” of emotional and intellectual extremes

104
Q

Jungzi

A

“prince’s son”; “superior” person; peace, prosperity, and harmony; person committed to the development of Te, a person of exemplary or authoritative behavior

105
Q

Hsiao

A

Filiality, living and dead ancestors; deference, obedience, faithfulness of one’s parents, actions and attitudes

106
Q

Ren

A

“Humaneness,” “benevolence,” “compassion,” “goodness”—to describe virtues like respect, trustworthiness, earnestness, and kindness

107
Q

Mencius

A

The second most prominent Confucian thinker, Master of Meng and Mengzi; he believed that human nature is inherently good.

108
Q

Analects

A

a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been written by Confucius’ followers

109
Q

Ta hsueh

A

the Great Learning—virtuous government—If the ruler is morally good then so will government and subjects

Living Religions of the World (4 decks)

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