Exam 1

Question 1

Paraphyletic group

Answer 1

one common ancestor, but not all descendants

Question 2

Polyphyletic group

Answer 2

two or more groups with separate common ancestors

Question 3

Monophyletic group/clade

Answer 3

common ancestor plus all descendants

Question 4

Pleisomorphy

Answer 4

ancestral character states

Question 5

Apomorphy

Answer 5

derived character states

Question 6

homology

Answer 6

similarity resulting from common ancestry or similar structures in an individual

Question 7

homoplasy/analogy

Answer 7

independent evolutionary origins

Question 8

convergence

Answer 8

independent evolution of a similar feature in two or more lineages

Question 9

reversal

Answer 9

loss of a derived feature with the reestablishment of of an ancestral feature

Question 10

phenetic classification

Answer 10

organized by relationship of overall similarities

Question 11

phylogenetic classification

Answer 11

organized by evolutionary history

Question 12

reticulation

Answer 12

hybridization of previously divergent taxa

Question 13

phylogeny

Answer 13

evolutionary history of life

Question 14

descent

Answer 14

transfer of genetic material

Question 15

taxonomy

Answer 15

description, identification, nomenclature, classification

Question 16

derived

Answer 16

apomorphic

Question 17

ancient

Answer 17

pleisomorphic

Question 18

synapomorphy

Answer 18

shared derived character, distinguishing clade from others in monophyly

Question 19

phylogram

Answer 19

cladogram with accurate/absolute time scale

Question 20

OTU

Answer 20

Operational Taxonomic Units

Question 21

parsimony analysis

Answer 21

fewest evolutionary steps the better

Question 22

dioecious

Answer 22

unisexual flowers, staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants

Question 23

monoecious

Answer 23

bisexual flowers, staminate and pistillate flowers on same plant