Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dev. Psych > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

physical domain

A

sex characteristics, height, weight, senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cognitive

A

-thought processes, perception, IQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

psychosocial

A

-personality, relationships, emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

8 periods of lifespan

A
  • prenatal: birth
  • infancy/toddllerhood: birth - 3
  • early childhood: 3-6
  • middle childhood: 6-11
  • adolescence: 12 - 20
  • young adult: 20-40
  • middle adult: 20-65
  • late adult: 65+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

social contruction

A
  • concept or practice that is an invention of a particular culture or society
  • ex: adolescence and middle adulthood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nature

A
  • genetics, DNA

- genetic inheritance from parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nurture

A
  • environment

- what goes on around you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

normative influences

A
  • events that effect many or most people in a similar way

- ex: music, puberty, school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

non normative

A

-unusual events that have a major impact on individual lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

age graded influences

A

-similar events for people in same age group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

history graded events

A
  • events that shape generations because they experienced it together
  • all different ages
  • ex: 911
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Baltes life span development approach

A
  • dev. is lifelong
  • multidimensional (3 domains)
  • multidirectional (ups and downs)
  • biological and cultural influence’s importance shift over lifetime
  • use of resources shift over lifespan
  • development is plastic, like silly puddy
  • history and culture impact ones development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

theory

A

-set of logically related concepts or statements tht seek to describe and explain development and predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hypothesis

A

-explanaitions or predictions that can be tested buy further research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mechanical model

A
  • people are like machines that react to input
  • research is quantitative
  • develop in a continuous matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

organismic model

A
  • people are active, growing organisms that set their own development in motion
  • research is qualitative
  • development happens in stages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

perspective 1: psychoanalytic

A
  • Freud: Psychosexual

- Erikson: Psychosocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Freuds Psychosexual theory

A
  • we go through stages of psychosexual development
  • need to satisfy first stage before moving on
  • not testible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Erikson Psychosocial theory

A
  • development was lifelong w/ 8 stages
  • each stage is marked by a crisis that needs to be resolved to progress
  • development is highly influenced by surroundings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

perspecting 2: Learning

A
  • pavlov: classical conditioning
  • skinner: operant conditioning
  • bandura: social learning theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pavlov’s classical conditioning

A
  • make associates between things

- dog with bell and thinking of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Skinner’s operant conditioning

A

-get rewards when you do something that you should do more often

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bandura’s social learning theory

A
  • interaction with word is bidirectional

- people learn by watching others and make choices based on others behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Perspective 3: cognitive

A
  • Piaget cognitive stage theory
  • Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
  • Information processing approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Piaget cognitive stage theory

A
  • children develop through 4 stages and they become more complex (schemes)
  • assimilation and accomodation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

assimilation

A

-taking in new information and incorporating it into existing cognitive structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

accomodation

A

-adjusting ones cognitive structures to fit new info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

A
  • focused on childrens cognitive growth from social interaction with others
  • zone of proximal development: on verge of mastering something
  • scaffolding: temporary support for child to achieve something new
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

information processing approach

A

-analyzes process involved in making sense of incoming info and preforming tasks effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

perspective 4: contextual

A
  • development is a product of the context in which is occurs

- influences are bidirectional between developing child and surrounding environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

perspective 5: evolutionary/sociobiological

A

-based on Darwins “survival of the fittest” to explain developmental process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Scientific method

A
  • ID problem
  • develop hypothesis
  • collect data
  • analyze data
  • form conclusion
  • inform public
  • refine conclusion as further studies reveal new info
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

quantitative data

A
  • quantity

- numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

qualitative

A
  • quality

- experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

case study

A

-specific situations researched in detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ethnographic study

A

-studying culture and their experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

correlation study

A

-looking at connections & relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

experiment

A

-manipulating one variable and seeing how another changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

cross sectional

A

-looking at similarities/differences in people of all ages at same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

longitudinal study

A

-tracks people over time and focuses on individual change w/ age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

sequential study

A

-combines cross sectional and longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

self reports

A

-diaries, interviews, questionnaires

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

naturalistic observation

A

-observe specimen in natural habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

laboratory observation

A

-observing specimen in a controlled laboratory setting

45
Q

ethical considerations for experiments

A
  • informed consent
  • avoidance of deception
  • protect from harm & loss of dignity
  • privacy and confidentiality
  • right to decline and withdraw
  • correction of negative effects
46
Q

fertilization

A

-process by which gametes unite to form zygote

47
Q

germinal stage

A
  • fertilization to 2 weeks
  • cells divide rapidly and begin to differentiate
  • implantation into uterine wall begins
48
Q

embryonic stage

A
  • 2-8 weeks
  • embryo develops at rapid pace
  • major organs/systems in place by 8 wk
49
Q

fetal stage

A
  • 9 week to birth
  • continued rapid growth
  • all systems fully developed and functioning by birth
  • typical characteristics of fetus: movement, pain, hiccups, hear, light/dark, temperature
50
Q

dizygotic

A
  • two egg twins (fraternal)

- 2 eggs each fertilized by different sperm

51
Q

monozygotic

A
  • one egg twins

- one egg turns into two, replicas of each other

52
Q

semi-identicle

A

-two sperm and one egg

53
Q

number of chromosomes?

A

23

54
Q

meiosis

A

-splitting pairs of chromosomes

55
Q

mitois

A
  • full cell rapid reproduction
56
Q

how is sex determined

A
  • one pair of sex chromosomes
  • inherit one X from mom always
  • inherit and X or Y from mom or dad
  • Y=male
  • X=female
57
Q

polygenetic inheritance

A

-more than one gene effects a trait

58
Q

mutation

A

-occurs when a mistake happens in the code

59
Q

multifactoral transmission

A

-environmental factors effect trait as well as genes

60
Q

epigenesis

A

-genes are turned off and on as needed

61
Q

incomplete dominance

A

-trait is not fully expressed

62
Q

sex linked inheritance

A

-certain resessive disorders affect male and female differently

63
Q

down syndrome

A

-extra 21 chromosome

64
Q

canalization

A

-illustrates how heredity restricts the range of development for some traits like a canal

65
Q

genotype environment interaction

A

-refers to effects of similar environmental conditions on genetically different individuals

66
Q

genotype environment correlation

A

-genetic and environmental influences tend to act in the same direction

67
Q

niche-picking

A

-tendency to seek out environments compatible with ones genotype

68
Q

stages of childbirth

A
  • parturition (pre labor): two weeks before labor, estrogen levels increase, braxton hix to soften cervix
  • first stage: regular contractions, increase frequently, cervix thins and widens
  • second stage: “pushing” stage, babe enters birth canal
  • third stage: expulsion of placenta and UC (after birth)
69
Q

normal baby measurements

A
  • 20 in long

- 7.5 lb at birth

70
Q

fontanel

A

-soft spot on baby head

71
Q

lanugo

A

-soft covering around skin

72
Q

vernix caeseosa

A

-waxy, whitish covering on child

73
Q

meconium

A

-black ad tar like baby poop before baby stats eating

74
Q

APGAR

A
  • appearance
  • pulse
  • grimace
  • activity
  • respiration
75
Q

Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (NBAS)

A

-tests childs response to physical and social environment

76
Q

proximodistal

A

-inner bod grows before extremities

77
Q

cephalocaudal

A

-growth occurs from top down

78
Q

primitive reflex

A
  • instinctive

- necessary for survival

79
Q

postural

A

-reflex to change is position/balance

80
Q

locomotor

A
  • similar to voluntary movement

- develop later in life

81
Q

early senses

A
  • touch is first sense
  • smell and taste is well developed by birth
  • hearing is functioning before birth
  • sight is poor until 6 mo of age
82
Q

Home observation for measurement of environment

A
  • encourag exploration of enviroment
  • montoring in basic skills
  • celebrating developmental advances
  • guidance in practicing and extending skills
  • protection from inappropriate disaproval
  • communicating richely and responsively
  • guiding and limiting behavior
83
Q

Bayley scale

A

-developmental test designed to assess children from 1 mo to 3.5 yrs

84
Q

piaget sensorimotor stage

A
  • children learn through senses and early motor skills and activity
  • 6 substages: primary reflexes, series of circular reactions, and metal combinations
85
Q

scheme

A

-organized patterns of though and behavior

86
Q

representational ability

A

-using symbols to mentally represent and object, action, concept

87
Q

invisible imitation

A

-cannot see yourself do it (face expresions)

88
Q

visible

A

-can see yourself do it (wave)

89
Q

defered imitation

A

-dont imitate action right away but do it later

90
Q

elicited imitation

A

-do behavior at later time w/ instruction

91
Q

object permanence

A

-knowing object still exists even when out of sight

92
Q

“A not B” error

A

-when baby looks for hidden object where they first found it, not when they saw it moved after

93
Q

key developments of sensorimotor stages

A
  • imitation
  • object permanence
  • symbolic development
  • categorization
  • causality
  • number
94
Q

habituation

A

-continous exposure reduces attention

95
Q

dishabituation

A

-presenting new sight to restore attention

96
Q

visual preference

A

-spend more time looking at one thing than another

97
Q

implicit memory

A

-behaviors that require little effort

98
Q

explicit memory

A

-requires deliberate recollection of information

99
Q

working memory

A

-short term location for info being processed

100
Q

language development

A
  • crying
  • pre linguistic speech: gooing, babbling
  • recognition of native phonemes
  • gestures (hi, bye)
  • holophrase: one word sentence
  • telegraphic: words grouped together
101
Q

Skinner on language

A

-learned through observation and limitation and selective reinforcement

102
Q

chomsky on language

A
  • too complex for trial and error learning

- children are active learners that have a language acquisition device

103
Q

primary emotions

A

-joy, surprise, sad, disgust, anger, fear

104
Q

self conscious emotion

A
  • embarrasment
  • empathy
  • envy
105
Q

self evaluative emotion

A
  • pride
  • quilt
  • shame
106
Q

altruism

A

-demonstrating concern for another regardless of reciprocity

107
Q

3 temperaments

A
  • easy
  • difficult
  • slow to warm up
108
Q

characteristics of quality childcare

A
  • small increase in externalizing behaviors
  • low child-staff ratio
  • small group sizes
  • trained caregivers
109
Q

developmental psychology def

A
  • study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people
  • involves 3 domains: physical, cognitive, psychomotor

Dev. Psych (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions