Exam 1 Flashcards
The term speech sound disorder
Speech sound disorder is an umbrella term for Phonological and Articulation disorder.
Articulation Disorder
- Purely physical – just can’t produce the sound.
- Distortion resulting in nonstandard speech sounds.
- Only a few sounds affected
- No patterns
- Child fairly intelligible
Phonological Disorder
Phonology – a system of rules underlying sound production and sound combination it is covert, it refers to a prior known level of knowledge.
- Multiple sound errors.
- Highly unintelligible.
- Pattern of errors
- Due to and underlying problem with phonological knowledge
Importance of Intelligibility
Caseloads – many children with speech sound disorders (SSDs). 91% of school based clinicians serve children with SSDs–ASHA
Even mild disorders can have an impact on intelligibilty
Studies have shown that adults with mild lisps are judged as less intelligible.
Often
Speech Sound Disorders and Language Disorders coexist.
New Research Article October 2014
Macrae, T., & Tyler, A.A. (2014). Looking at speech abilities in preschool with children who have speech sounds disorders with and without co-occuring language impairment. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools
What did the Macrae & Tyler 2014 study do?
They compared preschool children with co-occurring SSD and language impairment (LI) to children with SSD only.
Looked at numbers and types of errors in both groups.
Macrae and Tyler 2014 found
Children with SSD and LI had more omissions of sounds than chldren with just SSD.
SLPs need to be more concerned about children
Phonetics
Study of physical, physiological, and acoustic variables associated with speech sound production.
Clinical/Applied Phonetics
Branch dedicated to practical application of knowledge.
Phoneme
Family of sounds that the listener perceives as belonging to the same category.
Allophone
Not a distinct phoneme; allophone is a member of a particular phoneme family.
Morphemes
Minimal use of meaning.
- Free morphemes: whole word that cannot be linguistically broken down into smaller units.
- Bound morphemes: suffix or prefix that attaches to a word to alter its meaning.
Minimal pairs
Morphemes that are similar except for one phoneme.
Morphophonemics
Morphophonemic rules specify how sounds are combined to form morphemes.
Morphophonemics: sound alterations that result from the modification of free morphemes.
Example of morphophonemic rules
- If a noun ends in a voiced sound, use plural allomorph /z/ (tails, bags, pins).
- If a noun ends in a voiceless sound, use plural allomorph /s/ (tarts, cops, lakes).
- If a word ends in a voiceless sound, the past tense is pronounced /t/ (cooked); if a word ends in a voiced sound the past tense is pronounced /d/ (buzzed).
Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech
Juncture
Rate of Speech
MOOSE
Pitch
Intonation
Stress
Juncture
Brief pauses that make grammatical or semantic distinctions.
“Get the money bag!”
“Get the money, bag.”
Juncture and pauses help signal new or important information. Those pauses help us as listeners know when this new information is about to occur.
