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OS2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the posterior palpatory landmarks of the inominate?

A

PSIS
Sacral sulci
Ischial tuberosity

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2
Q

Where is the iliolumbar ligament located?

A

From ilia to 5th vertebrae

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3
Q

Where is the sacrospinous ligament located?

A

Sacrum to spine of ischium

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4
Q

Where is the sacrotuberous ligament located?

A

Sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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5
Q

Where is the sacroiliac ligament located?

A

Ant and post sacroiliac joint

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6
Q

What divides space above and below into a greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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7
Q

What restrains anterior movement of the sacrum?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

What are the parts of the sacroiliac ligament?

A

Anterior, posterior, interosseous

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9
Q

What ligament is part of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Sacrospinous

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10
Q

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Secondary cartilaginous

Fibrocartilage

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11
Q

What 2 muscles not part of the adductor group also act as adductors?

A

Gracilis

Pectineus

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12
Q

What is the only rotator that connects directly to the sacrum?

A

Piriformis (external rotator)

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13
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt is accompanied by what?

A

Increased kyphosis (leaning forward)

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14
Q

Forward shifted pelvis results in what kind of back position?

A

Swayback

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15
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt is accompanied by what?

A

Increased lordosis

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16
Q

Describe the changes in an anterior innominate rotation:

A

ASIS inferior
PSIS posterior
medial malleolus inferior/long

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17
Q

Describe changes in posterior innominate rotation

A

ASIS superior
PSIS inferior
Medial malleolus superior (short)

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18
Q

What is superior shear?

What must you do to determine laterality?

A

ASIS, PSIS, medial malleolus all superior on affected side

Pelvic compression or standing flexion test

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19
Q

What is lumbaralization of the sacrum?

A

S1 and S2 do not fuze

Looks like 6 lumbar vertebrae

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20
Q

The coccyx attaches to the sacral apex via what?

What rests on the anterior aspect of the coccyx?

A

Sacrococcygeal joint

Ganglion impar

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21
Q

What is the true pelvic ligament?

A

Sacroiliac (ant, post, interosseous)

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22
Q

What are the accessory pelvic ligaments?

A

Sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, iliolumbar

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23
Q

What does the posterior sacroiliac ligament connect?

A

PSIS to 3rd and 4th sacral segments

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24
Q

Fx of iliolumbar ligament?

Where does it attach?

A

Stabilizes posterior motion, restricts anterior motion of L4/L5

Attaches 4th and 5th lumbar vertebra to iliac crest

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25
Q

What is part of the levator ani group?

A

Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus

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26
Q

What makes up the primary muscle group of the sacrum?

A

Levator ani group

Coccygeus muscle

27
Q

Where is the cranial dural attachment?

Sacral dural attachment?

A

Foramen magnum, C1, C2

S2

28
Q

What is force closure?

What creates this?

A

Holding an object by pressure on the sides

Muscles, ligaments, fascia surrounding the SI joint

29
Q

What is form closure?

How does the sacrum act?

A

Stacking, use of Roman arch as a self supporting structure

Keystone of the arch, wedged between the ilium so

30
Q

What is the superior axis?

Level of what?

A

Respiratory axis

Articular process of S2

31
Q

What is the middle axis?

Levels of what?

A

Postural or sacroiliac

Body of S2

32
Q

What is the inferior axis?

Level of what?

A

Iliosacral - for rotation

Inferior pole of the lower sacral articulation

33
Q

With sacral respiratory motion, how does the base and apex move during inhalation?

Increased or decreased lumbar lordosis?

A

Base posterior, apex anterior

Decreased lordosis

34
Q

How does the sacral base and apex move when flexing?

A

Base anterior

Apex posterior

35
Q

Where does inherent motion occur?

How is it transferred?

A

Around superior transverse axis

From SBS to the sacrum via dural attachments

36
Q

Describe the motion of sacral base and apex in nutation?

Occurs with what?

A

Base anterior, apex posterior

Craniosacral/SBS extension

37
Q

Describe the motion of sacral base and apex in counternutation?

Occurs with what?

A

Base moves posterior, apex anterior

Craniosacral/SBS flexion

38
Q

How does the sacral base move during inhalation and exhalation?

A

Inhalation-posterior

Exhalation-anterior

39
Q

What is the seated flexion test like in bilateral flexion?

Lumbar lordosis?
Sacral sulcus?
ILAs?
Lumbar spring test?
Respiratory motion?
SideBending?
4 point?
A

Negative

Increased
Deep
Posterior
Negative
Restricted to inhalation
NO SB restriction
NO 4 pt restriction
40
Q

Describe the following findings in bilateral extension:

Seated flexion test
Lumbar lordosis
Sulci
ILAs
Lumbar spring test
Respiratory motion
SideBending
4 point
A 
Negative
Decreased
Shallow
Anterior
Positive spring test
Restricted to exhalation
SB no restriction
4pt no restriction
41
Q

Describe the following dysfunctions in unilateral flexion:

Seated flexion
Sacral sulcus
ILA
Lumbar spring test 
Respiratory motion
Side bending 
4 point
A 
Positive on 1 side
Deep on involved side
Posterior or inferior ILA on involved side
Lumbar spring negative
Asymmetric respiratory 
Restricted to SB toward uninvolved side
4 pt no restriction
42
Q

Describe the following dysfunctions in unilateral extension:

Seated flexion
Sacral sulcus
ILA
Lumbar spring test 
Respiratory motion
Side bending 
4 point
A 
Positive
Shallow on involved side
Anterior/superior on involved side
Positive lumbar spring test
Respiratory motion asymmetrical
SB restricted to motion to involved side
4 pt NO restriction
43
Q

Describe the following dysfunctions in forward torsion:

Seated flexion
Pelvic compression
Sacral sulcus
ILA
Lumbar spring test 
Respiratory motion
Side bending 
4 point
A 
Positive on side opposite the axis
Pelvic compression positive on side of axis
Deep on uninvolved side
ILA posterior on opposite side of sulcus
Lumbar spring test negative
Asymmetrical respiratory motion
No SB restriction
4 pt restricted to posterior rotation around involved axis
44
Q

Whenever your oblique axis is rotated, how is L5 related?

Example: R on R, what is L5 doing?

A

Opposite rotation

rotated left

45
Q

Describe the following dysfunctions in backward torsion:

Seated flexion
Pelvic compression
Sacral sulcus
ILA
Lumbar spring test 
Respiratory motion
Side bending 
4 point
A

Positive on side opposite of the axis
Positive pelvic compression on side of axis
Deep on involved axis (shallow on uninvolved)
ILA posterior on side opp deep sacral sulcus
Lumbar spring test positive
Respiratory motion asymmetrical
SB no restriction
4 pt restricted to anterior rotation around involved axis

46
Q

Motion into the restrictive barrier is called what?

A

BIND

47
Q

What do Golgi tendon organs do?

A

Detect degree of skeletal muscle tension and send info to CNS

48
Q

When are Golgi tendon muscles stretched?

A

Whenever muscles contract

49
Q

What kind are afferent neurons from the Golgi tendon body?

Where do they enter the spinal cord and where do they synapse?

A

1b group

Gray matter, inhibitory interneurons

50
Q

What do inhibitory interneurons synapse with?

A

Large alpha motor neurons in anterior gray horn of spinal cord

51
Q

What is the function of the Golgi tendon reflex?

What does it respond to?

A

Prevent tissue disruption

Rapid change in length/tension

52
Q

What composes a vertebral segment?

A

Vertebra above and below and the disc in between

53
Q

Who produced an article detailing the safety of HVLA?

A

Dr. Vick

54
Q

What year was the position paper on OMT of the cervical spine adopted by AOA house of delegates?

A

2005

55
Q

Who had an article detailing how the cervical vertebral artery is safe to do manipulations on?

What year?

A

S. Haldeman

2002

56
Q

What are the anterior palpatory landmarks of the inominate?

A 
ASIS
pubic tubercles
Iliac crests
Greater trochanters
Medial malleoli heights
57
Q

What does a tight rectus femoris cause?

A

Anterior tilt (rotation)

58
Q

What does a tight hamstring muscle cause?

A

Posterior tilt

59
Q

What does a tight gluteus Maximus cause?

A

Posterior tilt

60
Q

What does a tight erector spinae cause?

A

Anterior tilt

61
Q

What does a tight rectus abdominis cause?

A

Posterior tilt

62
Q

What does a tight iliopsoas muscle cause?

A

Anterior tilt

63
Q

Tightness in which muscles cause anterior tilt?

A

REI

Rectus femoris, erector spinae, iliopsoas

64
Q

Tightness in which muscles cause posterior tilt?

A

GOALH

Gluteus maximus, external Oblique, rectus Abdominis, iliofemoral Ligament, Hamstrings

OS2 (2 decks)

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