Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the posterior palpatory landmarks of the inominate?
PSIS
Sacral sulci
Ischial tuberosity
Where is the iliolumbar ligament located?
From ilia to 5th vertebrae
Where is the sacrospinous ligament located?
Sacrum to spine of ischium
Where is the sacrotuberous ligament located?
Sacrum to ischial tuberosity
Where is the sacroiliac ligament located?
Ant and post sacroiliac joint
What divides space above and below into a greater and lesser sciatic foramen?
Sacrospinous ligament
What restrains anterior movement of the sacrum?
Sacrotuberous ligament
What are the parts of the sacroiliac ligament?
Anterior, posterior, interosseous
What ligament is part of the coccygeus muscle?
Sacrospinous
What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Secondary cartilaginous
Fibrocartilage
What 2 muscles not part of the adductor group also act as adductors?
Gracilis
Pectineus
What is the only rotator that connects directly to the sacrum?
Piriformis (external rotator)
Posterior pelvic tilt is accompanied by what?
Increased kyphosis (leaning forward)
Forward shifted pelvis results in what kind of back position?
Swayback
Anterior pelvic tilt is accompanied by what?
Increased lordosis
Describe the changes in an anterior innominate rotation:
ASIS inferior
PSIS posterior
medial malleolus inferior/long
Describe changes in posterior innominate rotation
ASIS superior
PSIS inferior
Medial malleolus superior (short)
What is superior shear?
What must you do to determine laterality?
ASIS, PSIS, medial malleolus all superior on affected side
Pelvic compression or standing flexion test
What is lumbaralization of the sacrum?
S1 and S2 do not fuze
Looks like 6 lumbar vertebrae
The coccyx attaches to the sacral apex via what?
What rests on the anterior aspect of the coccyx?
Sacrococcygeal joint
Ganglion impar
What is the true pelvic ligament?
Sacroiliac (ant, post, interosseous)
What are the accessory pelvic ligaments?
Sacrotuberous, sacrospinous, iliolumbar
What does the posterior sacroiliac ligament connect?
PSIS to 3rd and 4th sacral segments
Fx of iliolumbar ligament?
Where does it attach?
Stabilizes posterior motion, restricts anterior motion of L4/L5
Attaches 4th and 5th lumbar vertebra to iliac crest
What is part of the levator ani group?
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus
What makes up the primary muscle group of the sacrum?
Levator ani group
Coccygeus muscle
Where is the cranial dural attachment?
Sacral dural attachment?
Foramen magnum, C1, C2
S2
What is force closure?
What creates this?
Holding an object by pressure on the sides
Muscles, ligaments, fascia surrounding the SI joint
What is form closure?
How does the sacrum act?
Stacking, use of Roman arch as a self supporting structure
Keystone of the arch, wedged between the ilium so
What is the superior axis?
Level of what?
Respiratory axis
Articular process of S2
What is the middle axis?
Levels of what?
Postural or sacroiliac
Body of S2
What is the inferior axis?
Level of what?
Iliosacral - for rotation
Inferior pole of the lower sacral articulation
With sacral respiratory motion, how does the base and apex move during inhalation?
Increased or decreased lumbar lordosis?
Base posterior, apex anterior
Decreased lordosis
How does the sacral base and apex move when flexing?
Base anterior
Apex posterior
Where does inherent motion occur?
How is it transferred?
Around superior transverse axis
From SBS to the sacrum via dural attachments
Describe the motion of sacral base and apex in nutation?
Occurs with what?
Base anterior, apex posterior
Craniosacral/SBS extension
Describe the motion of sacral base and apex in counternutation?
Occurs with what?
Base moves posterior, apex anterior
Craniosacral/SBS flexion
How does the sacral base move during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation-posterior
Exhalation-anterior
What is the seated flexion test like in bilateral flexion?
Lumbar lordosis? Sacral sulcus? ILAs? Lumbar spring test? Respiratory motion? SideBending? 4 point?
Negative
Increased Deep Posterior Negative Restricted to inhalation NO SB restriction NO 4 pt restriction
Describe the following findings in bilateral extension:
Seated flexion test Lumbar lordosis Sulci ILAs Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion SideBending 4 point
Negative Decreased Shallow Anterior Positive spring test Restricted to exhalation SB no restriction 4pt no restriction
Describe the following dysfunctions in unilateral flexion:
Seated flexion Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point
Positive on 1 side Deep on involved side Posterior or inferior ILA on involved side Lumbar spring negative Asymmetric respiratory Restricted to SB toward uninvolved side 4 pt no restriction
Describe the following dysfunctions in unilateral extension:
Seated flexion Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point
Positive Shallow on involved side Anterior/superior on involved side Positive lumbar spring test Respiratory motion asymmetrical SB restricted to motion to involved side 4 pt NO restriction
Describe the following dysfunctions in forward torsion:
Seated flexion Pelvic compression Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point
Positive on side opposite the axis Pelvic compression positive on side of axis Deep on uninvolved side ILA posterior on opposite side of sulcus Lumbar spring test negative Asymmetrical respiratory motion No SB restriction 4 pt restricted to posterior rotation around involved axis
Whenever your oblique axis is rotated, how is L5 related?
Example: R on R, what is L5 doing?
Opposite rotation
rotated left
Describe the following dysfunctions in backward torsion:
Seated flexion Pelvic compression Sacral sulcus ILA Lumbar spring test Respiratory motion Side bending 4 point
Positive on side opposite of the axis
Positive pelvic compression on side of axis
Deep on involved axis (shallow on uninvolved)
ILA posterior on side opp deep sacral sulcus
Lumbar spring test positive
Respiratory motion asymmetrical
SB no restriction
4 pt restricted to anterior rotation around involved axis
Motion into the restrictive barrier is called what?
BIND
What do Golgi tendon organs do?
Detect degree of skeletal muscle tension and send info to CNS
When are Golgi tendon muscles stretched?
Whenever muscles contract
What kind are afferent neurons from the Golgi tendon body?
Where do they enter the spinal cord and where do they synapse?
1b group
Gray matter, inhibitory interneurons
What do inhibitory interneurons synapse with?
Large alpha motor neurons in anterior gray horn of spinal cord
What is the function of the Golgi tendon reflex?
What does it respond to?
Prevent tissue disruption
Rapid change in length/tension
What composes a vertebral segment?
Vertebra above and below and the disc in between
Who produced an article detailing the safety of HVLA?
Dr. Vick
What year was the position paper on OMT of the cervical spine adopted by AOA house of delegates?
2005
Who had an article detailing how the cervical vertebral artery is safe to do manipulations on?
What year?
S. Haldeman
2002
What are the anterior palpatory landmarks of the inominate?
ASIS pubic tubercles Iliac crests Greater trochanters Medial malleoli heights
What does a tight rectus femoris cause?
Anterior tilt (rotation)
What does a tight hamstring muscle cause?
Posterior tilt
What does a tight gluteus Maximus cause?
Posterior tilt
What does a tight erector spinae cause?
Anterior tilt
What does a tight rectus abdominis cause?
Posterior tilt
What does a tight iliopsoas muscle cause?
Anterior tilt
Tightness in which muscles cause anterior tilt?
REI
Rectus femoris, erector spinae, iliopsoas
Tightness in which muscles cause posterior tilt?
GOALH
Gluteus maximus, external Oblique, rectus Abdominis, iliofemoral Ligament, Hamstrings
