Exam 1

Question 1

responds to a stimulus

Answer 1

excitability(irritability)

Question 2

ability to generate a pull or tension

Answer 2

contractability

Question 3

ability to lengthen or stretch beyond resting length

Answer 3

extensible

Question 4

ability to return to its original shape

Answer 4

elasticity

Question 5

achieved by exiting info from the muscle or limb, and then adjusting the info (signal) entering the muscle

Answer 5

coordination

Question 6

composed of brain and spinal cord

Answer 6

CNS

Question 7

all branches of nerves that lie outside the spinal cord

Answer 7

PNS

Question 8

Sensory nerves

Answer 8

afferent

Question 9

motor nerves

Answer 9

efferent

Question 10

functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 10

neuron

Question 11

bring info from other neurons

Answer 11

dendrites

Question 12

usually located in the gray matter of CNS

Answer 12

Soma

Question 13

axons located in cerebral cortex and descend into spinal cord

Answer 13

upper motor neuron

Question 14

located in ventral horn of spinal cord

innervates muscle fiber

Answer 14

lower motor neuron

Question 15

largest and fastest nerve fibers (sense preconception, touch)

Answer 15

Type A

Question 16

Smallest and slowest nerve fibers (Pain and temp)

Answer 16

Type C

Question 17

muscle belly is surrounded by

Answer 17

epimysium

Question 18

bundle of muscle fibers

Answer 18

fascicles

Question 19

fascicles are separated by

Answer 19

perimysium

Question 20

each muscle fiber is surrounded by

Answer 20

endomysium

Question 21

each muscle fiber consists of a

Answer 21

myofibril

Question 22

are composed of proteins organized into sarcomeres

Answer 22

myofibril

Question 23

functional contractile unit of the myofibril

Answer 23

sarcomere

Question 24

constitutes the motor unit

Answer 24

neuron and its branches

Question 25

all or none principle states that

Answer 25

when motor unit is activated, all of the muscle fibers contract within milliseconds

Question 26

variable between contractions is

Answer 26

how many units are being recruited

Question 27

motor unit that has slow contraction speed, small neuron size, low force, low fatigability

Answer 27

Slow twitch oxidative (Type 1)

Question 28

motor unit that has fast contraction speed, large neuron size, high force, high fatigability

Answer 28

Fast-twitch glycolytic (Type IIB)

Question 29

motor unit with fast contraction speed, large neuron size, high force, medium fatigability

Answer 29

fast-twitch oxidative (Type IIA)

Question 30

force of a muscle is determined by

Answer 30

number of motor units actively stimulated at the same time

Question 31

sensory receptors that transform mechanical distortion in the muscle of join into nerve impulses to affect a motor response

Answer 31

proprioceptors

Question 32

proprioceptor found in muscle belly (gives position of length of muscle)

Answer 32

muscle spindle

Question 33

proprioceptor that monitors tension in a muscle

Answer 33

golgi tendon organ (GTO)

Question 34

generates inhibitory potential to "relax" in the muscle | modulates force so you get just enough to overcome load

Answer 34

GTO

Question 35

warm ups can

Answer 35

enhance neural input by increasing motor unit activity

Question 36

Polymetrics improve

Answer 36

velocity and power output- rapidly stretching a muscle and immediately following with contraction of muscle

Question 37

EMG stand for

Answer 37

electromyography

Question 38

EMG looks at

Answer 38

which muscles are working, when and the magnitude

Question 39

muscle activitity where muscle stays the same length

Answer 39

isometric

Question 40

shortening of muscle, muscle activity where muscle wins battle

Answer 40

concentric

Question 41

abduct arm with weight is

Answer 41

concentric

Question 42

putting arm down slowly from abducted position is

Answer 42

eccentric

Question 43

lengthening of muscle

Answer 43

eccentric

Question 44

principle muscle producing a motion, prime mover

Answer 44

agonist

Question 45

provides opposite anatomic action of agonist (Usually inactive during activity)

Answer 45

antagonist

Question 46

muscle contract at same time as agonist (may provide similar action or obstruct an unwanted action)

Answer 46

Synergist

Question 47

greater ranger of shortening and greater movement velocity

Answer 47

parallel (Fusiform)

Question 48

slower movements, but more muscle fibers, giving greater cross sectional area

Answer 48

pennation

Question 49

sum total of all cross sections of fibers in muscle in plane perpendicular to direction of fibers

Answer 49

Physiological cross sectional area (PCSA)

Question 50

PCSA is ________ proportional to amount of force generated by a muscle

Answer 50

directly

Question 51

as angle , the _____ of it changes as well

Answer 51

torque (strength)

Question 52

cord like connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle to bone

Answer 52

tendons

Question 53

transmit forces of the muscle to the bone to generate movement

Answer 53

tendon

Question 54

EMG activity is higher during ______ contraction compared to ______ contraction

Answer 54

concentric, eccentric

Question 55

concentric muscle action is

Answer 55

positive work

Question 56

eccentric muscle action is

Answer 56

negative work

Question 57

______ able to generate greatest amount of torque

Answer 57

eccentric

Question 58

______ least amount of torque

Answer 58

concentric