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Functional Anatomy Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

responds to a stimulus

A

excitability(irritability)

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2
Q

ability to generate a pull or tension

A

contractability

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3
Q

ability to lengthen or stretch beyond resting length

A

extensible

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4
Q

ability to return to its original shape

A

elasticity

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5
Q

achieved by exiting info from the muscle or limb, and then adjusting the info (signal) entering the muscle

A

coordination

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6
Q

composed of brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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7
Q

all branches of nerves that lie outside the spinal cord

A

PNS

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8
Q

Sensory nerves

A

afferent

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9
Q

motor nerves

A

efferent

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10
Q

functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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11
Q

bring info from other neurons

A

dendrites

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12
Q

usually located in the gray matter of CNS

A

Soma

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13
Q

axons located in cerebral cortex and descend into spinal cord

A

upper motor neuron

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14
Q

located in ventral horn of spinal cord

innervates muscle fiber

A

lower motor neuron

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15
Q

largest and fastest nerve fibers (sense preconception, touch)

A

Type A

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16
Q

Smallest and slowest nerve fibers (Pain and temp)

A

Type C

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17
Q

muscle belly is surrounded by

A

epimysium

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18
Q

bundle of muscle fibers

A

fascicles

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19
Q

fascicles are separated by

A

perimysium

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20
Q

each muscle fiber is surrounded by

A

endomysium

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21
Q

each muscle fiber consists of a

A

myofibril

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22
Q

are composed of proteins organized into sarcomeres

A

myofibril

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23
Q

functional contractile unit of the myofibril

A

sarcomere

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24
Q

constitutes the motor unit

A

neuron and its branches

25
Q

all or none principle states that

A

when motor unit is activated, all of the muscle fibers contract within milliseconds

26
Q

variable between contractions is

A

how many units are being recruited

27
Q

motor unit that has slow contraction speed, small neuron size, low force, low fatigability

A

Slow twitch oxidative (Type 1)

28
Q

motor unit that has fast contraction speed, large neuron size, high force, high fatigability

A

Fast-twitch glycolytic (Type IIB)

29
Q

motor unit with fast contraction speed, large neuron size, high force, medium fatigability

A

fast-twitch oxidative (Type IIA)

30
Q

force of a muscle is determined by

A

number of motor units actively stimulated at the same time

31
Q

sensory receptors that transform mechanical distortion in the muscle of join into nerve impulses to affect a motor response

A

proprioceptors

32
Q

proprioceptor found in muscle belly (gives position of length of muscle)

A

muscle spindle

33
Q

proprioceptor that monitors tension in a muscle

A

golgi tendon organ (GTO)

34
Q

generates inhibitory potential to “relax” in the muscle

modulates force so you get just enough to overcome load

A

GTO

35
Q

warm ups can

A

enhance neural input by increasing motor unit activity

36
Q

Polymetrics improve

A

velocity and power output- rapidly stretching a muscle and immediately following with contraction of muscle

37
Q

EMG stand for

A

electromyography

38
Q

EMG looks at

A

which muscles are working, when and the magnitude

39
Q

muscle activitity where muscle stays the same length

A

isometric

40
Q

shortening of muscle, muscle activity where muscle wins battle

A

concentric

41
Q

abduct arm with weight is

A

concentric

42
Q

putting arm down slowly from abducted position is

A

eccentric

43
Q

lengthening of muscle

A

eccentric

44
Q

principle muscle producing a motion, prime mover

A

agonist

45
Q

provides opposite anatomic action of agonist (Usually inactive during activity)

A

antagonist

46
Q

muscle contract at same time as agonist (may provide similar action or obstruct an unwanted action)

A

Synergist

47
Q

greater ranger of shortening and greater movement velocity

A

parallel (Fusiform)

48
Q

slower movements, but more muscle fibers, giving greater cross sectional area

A

pennation

49
Q

sum total of all cross sections of fibers in muscle in plane perpendicular to direction of fibers

A

Physiological cross sectional area (PCSA)

50
Q

PCSA is ________ proportional to amount of force generated by a muscle

A

directly

51
Q

as angle , the _____ of it changes as well

A

torque (strength)

52
Q

cord like connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle to bone

A

tendons

53
Q

transmit forces of the muscle to the bone to generate movement

A

tendon

54
Q

EMG activity is higher during ______ contraction compared to ______ contraction

A

concentric, eccentric

55
Q

concentric muscle action is

A

positive work

56
Q

eccentric muscle action is

A

negative work

57
Q

______ able to generate greatest amount of torque

A

eccentric

58
Q

______ least amount of torque

A

concentric

Functional Anatomy Exam 1 (1 decks)

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