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WFSC 401 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Two traits that occur in mammals and in no other organisms are _______ and ______

A

Lactation; Hair

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2
Q

Bipedalism in rodents is a case of:

A

Convergent evolution

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3
Q

A shared derived trait is shared by two or more taxa is a:

A

Synapomorphy

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4
Q

The geophysicist who formalized the theory of continental drift:

A

Alfred Wegner

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5
Q

A taxon the does not include all organisms descended form a common ancestor is:

A

Paraphyletic

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6
Q

The approximate time frame of the beginning of the Permian was:

A

300 million years ago

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7
Q

The northern hemisphere land mass in the Triassic was called

A

Laursia

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8
Q

The two major branches of Amniota were Sauropsida and _________

A

?

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9
Q

The absence of a fenestra behind the orbit is characteristic of:

A

Anapsids

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10
Q

Mammals which are partially homeothermic, but allow their body temp to fluctuate under certain environmental conditions:

A

Heterothermic

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11
Q

Placental mammals are first observed in fossil deposits in what is now Asia

A

True

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12
Q

The basal marsupial tooth formula is:

A

5/4 1/1 3/3 4/4=50

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13
Q

Which of these cubes has the HIGHEST surface to volume ration?

A

Small Cube has the highest VS Large Cube

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14
Q

Monotremes do not produce milk

A

False

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15
Q

Which of these is the order that contains kangaroos?

A

Diprotodontia

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16
Q

Phylogenetic Species Concept

A

Smallest possible group to still be related by a common ancestor

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17
Q

Mesozoic Era (Name all Periods)

A

Triassic Period 250 – 205 mya
Jurassic Period 205 – 145 mya
Cretaceous Period 145 – 65 mya

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18
Q

Multituberculata

A

Extinction linked to the rise of rodents (food Shortage)

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19
Q

Microbiotheria

A

Linked the two marsupials orders; South America to Australia

20
Q

Yangochiroptera

A

Suborder of Chiroptera

21
Q

Mysticeti

A

The suborder that contains the baleen whales

22
Q

Order the following groups from oldest origin to the most recent origin

A

?

23
Q

Present a clear description of the position and function of each of these five bones in a early mammal-like reptile AND a modern mammal

A 
Squamosal:
Mammal-like: Part of the brain case 
True mammal: Upper jaw articulation
Angular:
Mammal-like: Part of mandible, near tympanum
True mammal: Tympanic Bone
Articular:
Mammal-like: Lower jaw articulation
True mammal: Malleus 
Dentary:
Mammal-like: Part of mandible
True mammal: Entire mandible
Quadrate:
Mammal-like: Upper jaw articulation
True mammal: incus
24
Q

Discuss the changes in the post-cranial anatomy as you transition from Pelycosaurs to modern mammals. Present five structural changes or modifications

A 
Lactation/ Increased Parental care 
Hair at some point of development 
Endothermy 
Viviparity 
Enuclated Red Blood cells
25
Q

What two adaptations of Artiodactyla are considered most important for their success? What major habitat expanded during the Eocene to drive these adaptations?

A

Artiodactyla had a pully type muscle in their hind legs and fused (cannon) bones. They also ruminate allowing them to get more nutrients from lesser quality of grass. (Grasslands)

26
Q

What three marsupial Orders are restricted to the New World

A

Didelphimorphia
?
?

27
Q

Pangea formed during which Period?

A

Permian 300-250 mya

28
Q

The southern supercontinent after the breakup of Pangea was

A

Gondwanaland

29
Q

Match the correct association of these major skull types (Anapsid, Synapsid, Diapsid) to the groups that were derived:

A

Turtles, mammals, birds

30
Q

The early mammal-like reptile group derived from Pelycosaurs was Therapsida

A

True

31
Q

The extinct group of mammals that persisted for over 100 million years and had a successful radiation into a multiple ecological niches.

A

Multituberculata

32
Q

The Zygomatic arch is formed by the jugal and what other bone in mammals?

A

Squamosal

33
Q

A hard palate, turbinate bones in the skull, loss of lumbar ribs, and an upright posture are all suggestive of what in mammals?

A

Endothermy

34
Q

What is the single bone in the lower jaw in modern mammals?

A

Dentary

35
Q

Placental mammals first originated in ancient Africa

A

False

36
Q

The basal Euthera tooth formula is:

A

3/3 1/1 4/4 3/3

37
Q

Orithorhynchidae is the family of the mammals with the common name

A

duck-billed platypus

38
Q

The current most widely accepted model for the diversification of mammalian orders is:

A

Long-Fuse Model

39
Q

A marsupial with an elongated mandible, unspecialized incisors and fused toes is:

A

Polyprotodont syndactylous

40
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

A group of populations within genes are actually or potentially exchanged by interbreeding, and which are reproductively isolated from other such groups

41
Q

Define the difference between endothermy & homeothermy

A

Endothermy: Generating internal heat to moderate body temp
Homeothermy: Maintaining a constant internal body temp

42
Q

Heterodont

A

Variation in the form and function of the teeth

43
Q

What is the great American interchange? when did it occur? how many MYA? Name at least 2 mammalian groups that crossed from? NA to SA and two others that crossed form? SA to NA

A

Connection between N and S America across the Panamanina land bridge that allowed for faunal exchange
Cenozoic and Pliocene (early Pleistocene also acceptable)
2.7 MYA (3 MYA)
Rodents, camels, carnivores, deer, shrews, rabbits, peccaries, weasels
Possums, xenarthans (armadillos), porcupines, sloths, anteaters

44
Q

Mammal-like reptile articulation

A

Quadrate-articular

45
Q

True mammal articulation

A

dentary- squamosal

WFSC 401 (2 decks)

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