Exam #1

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

consists of the shared ways of life and shared understandings that people develop as they live together.

Question 2

Society

Answer 2

a relatively self-sufficient collection of people who maintain a way of life in a particular territory.

Question 3

Social World

Answer 3

Identifiable sphere of everyday actions and relationships

Question 4

Sociology

Answer 4

The study of the social worlds that people create, maintain and change through their relationships with each other

Question 5

Social Interaction

Answer 5

consists of people taking each other into account and in the process influencing each other’s feelings, thoughts and actions

Question 6

Social Structure

Answer 6

consists of the established patters of relationships and social arrangements that take shape as people live, work, and play with each other

Question 7

Example of Social structure

Answer 7

Team social world involving players, coaches, team parents, and fans. Everyone involved with the team engages in social interaction as they take each other into account during their everyday activities. Over time every team creates and maintains a particular culture or a way of life consisting of values, beliefs, norms and everyday social routines.

Question 8

Sports

Answer 8

physical activities that involve challenges or competitive contests

Question 9

Physical Culture

Answer 9

includes all forms of movement and physical activities that people in particular social worlds create, sustain, and regularly include in their collective lives

Question 10

Official sport

Answer 10

choosing specific activities that qualify as sports is an important process in organizations, communities, and societies

Question 11

Social Constructions

Answer 11

As parts of the social world that are created by people as they interact with one another under particular social, political and economic conditions

Question 12

Who provides the resources for sports?

Answer 12

When people see sports contributing to the common good it is likely that the sports facilities and programs will be supported by govt. agencies and tax money. When seen as contributing to individual development it is likely that the sport facilities and programs will be supported by individuals, families, and private-corporate sponsors.

Question 13

Sociology of sport

Answer 13

primarily a sub discipline of sociology and physical education that studies sports as social phenomena.

Question 14

The Great Sport Myth

Answer 14

This myth supports related beliefs that sport builds character, and that anyone who plays sport will be a better person for doing so

Question 15

Sociology of Sport use

Answer 15

useful to athletes, coaches, parents and people in sport management, recreation to inform them about the conditions under which youth sport participation is most likely to produce positive developmental effects. It explains why some sports have higher rates of violence than others.

Question 16

Sports like other scientific disciplines is….

Answer 16

neither good nor objective enterprise

Question 17

Sport participation among women

Answer 17

research shows that women around the world in poor and working class households have lower rates of sport participation than do other categories of people.

No time or money

Women are often expected to take full time responsibility for the social and emotional needs of family members

Most sport programs around the world are organized around the values, interests and experiences of men

Question 18

Solution to Women playing sports

Answer 18

opportunities and resources to play sports increased for women

women and men should share control of sports, and that new sports should be organized around the values, interests, and resources of women.

Changes in ideas about masculinity and femininity, gender relations, family structures, allocation of child-care responsibilities.

Question 19

Why study sports?

Answer 19

reinforce important ideas and beliefs in many societies and they have been integrated into major spheres of social life such as the family, religion, education and the media

Question 20

Social Capital

Answer 20

the social resources that link them positively to social worlds. Example: sports create opportunities for conversations that enable their moods, identities and sense of well being

Question 21

Ideologies

Answer 21

consist of interrelated ideas and beliefs that people in a particular culture use to give meaning to and make sense of what occurs in their social worlds

Important: embody culturally shared principles, perspectives and viewpoints that underlie widely shared feelings, thoughts and actions

Question 22

Ideology

Answer 22

shared interpretive framework that people use to make sense of and evaluate themselves, others, and events in their social worlds.

Question 23

Gender Ideology

Answer 23

consists of interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to define masculinity and femininity, identify people as male or female, evaluate forms of sexual expression, and determine the appropriate roles of men and women in society.

Question 24

The most widely shared or dominant gender ideology used in many societies is organized around three central ideas.

Answer 24

1. Human beings are either female or male
2. Heterosexuality is nature’s foundation for human reproduction
3. Men are physically stronger and more rational than women, they are more naturally suited to possess power and assume leadership positions in the public spheres of society

Question 25

Men with power did what to women?

Answer 25

excluded them from certain sports, refused to fund their participation, excluded them from sport facilities

Question 26

Racial ideology

Answer 26

consists of interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to classify human beings into categories assumed to be biological and related to attributes such as intelligence, temperament, and physical abilities.

Divisive forces that privilege a particular category of people and disadvantage the others

Question 27

Social Class Ideology

Answer 27

consists of interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely shared and used by people to evaluate their material status; explain why economic success, failure, and inequalities and exist and what should be done about economic differences in a group or society

Question 28

Racial Ideology revolved around what beliefs..

Answer 28

Human beings can be classified into races on the basis of biologically inherited or genetically based characteristics

Intellectual and Physiological characteristics vary by race, with white people being intellectually and morally superior to black people and all people of color.

People classified as white have only white ancestors, and anyone with one or more black ancestors is classified as black

Question 29

Social class major ideas and beliefs…

Answer 29

All people have opportunities to achieve economic success

The U.S is a meritocracy where deserving people become successful and where failure is the result of inability, poor choices, and lack of motivation

Income and wealth inequality is normal and inevitable because some people work hard, develop their abilities, and make smart choices and others do not.

Question 30

Way of social class being acceptable…

Answer 30

leads to the conclusion that wealth and power are earned by hardworking people of good character and that poverty befalls those who are careless, unwilling to work, and have weak character

Question 31

Ableist ideology

Answer 31

consists of interrelated ideas and beliefs that are widely used to identify people as physically or intellectually disabled, to justify treating them as inferior, and to organize social worlds and physical spaces without taking them into account.

Denies that there is a natural variation in the physical and intellectual abilities of human beings, that abilities are situation or task specific and that abilities change over time for all human beings

Question 32

Ableist major ideas and beliefs…

Answer 32

People can be classified as normal or disabled

Disability exists when physical or mental impairments interfere with a person’s ability to function normally in everyday life

Disabled people are inferior to normal people

Question 33

Ableism

Answer 33

attitudes, actions and policies based on the belief that people classified as physically or intellectually disabled are incapable of full participation in mainstream activities and inferior to people with “normal abilities.

Question 34

Ideologies

Answer 34

people usually unaware of them but they are widely shared and used as a basis for establishing, organizing, and evaluating social relationships and all forms of social organization.

Resist change they are connected with moral value, which fosters intense resistance to change

Question 35

Social theories

Answer 35

logically interrelated explanations of the actions and relationships of human beings and the organization and dynamics of social worlds

Question 36

Social Research

Answer 36

investigations in which we seek answers to questions about social worlds by systematically gathering and analyzing data

Question 37

Personal Theories

Answer 37

summaries of ideas and explanations of social life and the contexts in which it occurs

Question 38

Pierre Bourdieu

Answer 38

famous sociologist discussed the practical knowledge that people develop through their personal experiences, referred to it as “cultural capital”

Question 39

How can people acquire cultural capital?

Answer 39

As we expand our social and cultural experiences and make sense of them in ways that increase our understanding of ourselves, our relationships and the social worlds that we operate.

Question 40

Selecting theories

Answer 40

social relationships and social worlds are complex and must be viewed from different angles and vantage points to describe and explain them accurately.

Question 41

Select appropriate theory theories

Answer 41

explain what we know about the ways that people think and express their values, ideas, beliefs as they live together and create social worlds

Question 42

Cultural theories

Answer 42

utilize concepts such as values, norms, ideas, beliefs, ideology, symbols, and language because they are the tools and reference points that people use to make sense of and give meaning to themselves, their experiences, and the world around them

Question 43

Narratives

Answer 43

explanations that people use or the stories they tell to explain and make sense of their choices and actions

Question 44

Interactionist theories

Answer 44

explain what we know about the origins, dynamics, and consequences of social interaction among people in particular social worlds.

Question 45

Structural theories

Answer 45

they explain what we know about different forms of social organization and how they influence actions and relationships

Question 46

Quantitative Methods

Answer 46

involve collecting information about people and social worlds, converting the information into numbers, and analyzing the numbers by using statistical procedures and tests.”Big statistical picture”

Question 47

Qualitative Methods

Answer 47

involve collecting information about people, media content, events and social worlds, identifying patterns and unique features and analyzing the information by using interpretive procedures and tests.

Question 48

ethnography

Answer 48

fieldwork that involves both observations and interviews

Question 49

Gender focus of network sports news stories and percentage of sports coverage by sex

Answer 49

Stories about men were 92% in contrast to women at 5.0%

Men’s sports were covered between ESPn and KCBS at 95-96% contrast to women’s sports covered at 2.7-3.2%

Question 50

Symbols

Answer 50

concrete representations of the values,beliefs, and moral principles around which people organize their ways of life

Question 51

When it comes to symbols boys are more likely…

Answer 51

to avoid cutesy sweet names and are in favor of power names

Question 52

Structural theory example with sports teams

Answer 52

Commissioners and assistant commissioner were men as over 80 percent o the head and assistant coaches were men. 86% of the team managers or “team moms” were women.

Question 53

Gender

Answer 53

is much more than a social category or trait that identifies a person instead it consists of interrelated meanings, performances, and organization that became important aspects of social worlds

Question 54

5 stage process of producing knowlege

Answer 54

1. Developing research questions
2. Selecting appropriate theory and research methods
3. Collecting and analyzing data
4. Using research findings to produce conclusions
5. Publishing results so that others may assess their validity and reliability

Question 55

Positivism

Answer 55

testable theories & hypotheses, a “social physics”

Question 56

Auguste Comte; the “Great-Grandfather” of sociology (1798-1857)

Answer 56

• Coined the term “sociology”
• Applied sociology = Social principles could lead to
social reform

Question 57

Herbert Spencer; “grandfather” (1820-1903)

Answer 57

• “survival of the fittest” or “social Darwinism”

* Basic sociology = Knowledge for knowledge sake

Question 58

Sociology

Answer 58

is the study of the social worlds that people, create, organize, maintain, and change through their relationships with each other.

Question 59

Social World

Answer 59

is an identifiable sphere of everyday actions and relationships (such as a family household, a soccer team, an athletic department, a university, a community, etc.).

Question 60

Ideologies

Answer 60

webs of ideas and beliefs that people use to give meaning to the world and make sense of their experiences