Exam 1 Flashcards
Consumer Health (Definition)
- anything that relates to “this product might enhance our health”
- Encompasses all aspects of the marketplace related to the purchase of health services and products. (vitamins, meds, exercise equipment, doctor, dentist, insurance)
Blinded Studies (Definition)
- studies that are performed in which the groups (test subjects) do not know if they are receiving the drug or placebo.
- double blinded studies: when neither the person doing the study or the study subjects know who is receiving what.
Deductibles (Definition)
the amount of money a policy holder/beneficiary pays each year before the health insurance company begins paying for covered services
Health Exclusions (Definition)
a specified health condition that is excluded from coverage
Obamacare (Definition)
- The affordable care act
- increase the quality and affordability of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, reduce the costs of health care for individuals and the government.
Bias (Definition)
prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
Peer-review (Definition)
a process in which work is reviewed by others who usually have equivalent or superior knowledge.
Fixed Indemnity (Definition)
maximum amount an insurer will pay for a certain service.
Placebo (Definition)
substance used in medical treatment that has no pharmaceutical effect on the problem it is being used to treat
Quackery (Definition)
promotion of health practices or remedies that have no compelling scientific basis
Co-Payment (Definition)
the flat fee that an insured person has to pay for each use of the health care system
Randomization (Definition)
employ random selection or sampling in an experiment or procedure
Health Fraud (Definition)
services or articles of unproven effectiveness that are promoted to improve health, well being or appearance.
Premium (Definition)
- the amount a person and/or employer pays for insurance coverage.
- regular periodic payments
Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
Main Feature: to increase the quality and affordability of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate and reduce the cost of healthcare for individuals and the government
Year Enacted: 2010
Health Maintenance and Insurance Act (HMO)
MF: attempt to bring down the cost of insurance by having health care services provided to everyone by their employers
YE: 1973
Hill-Burton Act
MF: gives incentives to states to build hospitals
YE: 1946
Social Security Act
MF: an attempt to limit what was seen as dangers in the modern American Life, such as old age, poverty, and unemployments
YE: 1935
Medicare/Medicaid Act
MF: Medicare: given to senior citizens who were unable to afford medicare (required age 65)
Medicaid: given by the state, designed for certain people with low income
YE: 1965
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
MF: protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs
YE: 1996
COBRA
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
MF: provides certain former employees, retirees, spouses/former spouses and dependent children the right to temporary continuation of health coverage at group rates. Only available when coverage is lost due to certain specific events.
YE: 1986
Health Security Act
Act that Hillary Clinton proposed
MF: to come up with a comprehensive plan to provide universal health care for all Americans
YE: 1993 (did not get voted on though)
American Medical Association
Function: to promote art and science of medicine for the betterment of the public health, to advance the interests of physicians and their patients and to raise money for the medical education
Centers for Disease Control
Function: main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury and disability. Focuses attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention
World Health Organization
Function: came up with 3 goals for what a good health system should do: 1) good health 2) responsiveness 3) fairness in financing
Evaluates health care delivered in 191 countries
Preferred Provider Organizations
Function: The insured person may see any doctor. They make arrangements to for lower fees with a network of providers and give financial incentives to policy holders if they stay within the network.
Food and Drug Administration
Function: safety and marketing of drugs, cosmetics, medical devices. Limited regulation of dietary supplements and herbs
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations(JCAHO)
Function: organization that accredits over 16000 US institutions. If the facility you go to is JCAHO, your health care should be up to date and standard.
Health Maintenance Organizations
Function: each patient has a primary care physician, who coordinates patient care. In order to see a specialist you must get a referral from your PCP and can only see the physicians approved by the HMO
Hospices
Function: support care services that provide holistic care for dying persons, their families and loved ones. Usually given to patients with less than 6 months to live
National Institute of Health
Function: is an agency of The US Department of Health and Human Services, responsible for biomedical and health-related research
Amount of GDP spent on US healthcare
17-18%
Cost of healthcare per person in US
$7,129
Number of uninsured Americans
46 million
WHO ranking of US healthcare in 2000 report
37
