Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DI > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 body planes.

A
  1. Mid-sagittal plane
  2. Mid-coronal plane
  3. Horizontal (transverse)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mid-sagittal plane divides…

A

right and left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mid-coronal divides…

A

anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Horizontal divides…

A

superior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Position defined

A

side of body nearest film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Position should be marked…

examples

A

RAO (right arm oblique) or LAO etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Projection defined

A

Path of the x-ray beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Projection should be marked…

examples

A

AP
PA
Oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List 3 body substances that appear on an x-ray from least dense to most dense

A
  1. Air
  2. Bone
  3. Metal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does air appear on an x-ray

A

Dark, least attenuated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does bone appear on an x-ray

A

Lighter, very attenuated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does metal appear on an x-ray

A

White, greatest attenuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is attenuation?

A

a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A disease process may affect the way the tissue attenuates x-rays. Which 2 types of pathologies will affect attenuation?

A

Additive condition

Destructive condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of lesion is an additive condition and how does an additive condition affect attenuation?

A

Blastic

Increased attenuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kind of lesion is an destructive condition and how does an destructive condition affect attenuation?

A

Lytic

Decreased attenuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are attenuation and blackness related?

A

Less attenuation= greater radiographic blackness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What controls attenuation?

A

mAs- milliamps x seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Least attenuated can be described as…

A

radiolucent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Greatest attenuation can be described as…

A

radiopaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Muscle and water appear_____________ on an x-ray? (attenuation)

A

moderately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is radiographic density?

A

radiographic blackness=amount of blackness on film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What x-ray factors control radiographic density?

A

mAs milliamps x seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When you double mAs and leave everything else, what happens to your film and how is your pt affected?

A

Radiographic blackness and patient exposure is doubled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When you ½ mAs and leave everything else, what happens to your film and how is your pt affected?
Radiographic blackness and pt exposure is halved
26
mAs is ________________ of quantity of ______, __________, and is directly related to______________.
1. primary controller 2. x-ray 3. radiographic x-ray 4. patient exposure
27
Does more or less mAs have motion blur?
Greater mAs has less blur
28
Which will give greater density 100 mA at 1 second or 200 mA at ½ second?
They are the same
29
What is the minimum change that can be made to mAs in order to see a visible change in radiographic density?
25-30% mAs is necessary for visible change in blackness
30
Radiographic contrast defined
variety of gray shades from darkest to lightest
31
Higher kVp lowers dosage and (decreased or increased) mAs
decreased
32
What is radiographic contrast controlled by?
kVp (kilovoltage peak)
33
What does kVp control?
Penetration
34
What does improving contrast indicate?
Increasing the number of shades of gray
35
What is the function of grids?
They improve contrast by reducing radiation fog--absorb and scatter radiation as they exit a persons body
36
Beam restriction.... (3 things)
1. reduces scatter 2. improves image quality 3. greatly reduces patient exposure
37
Should be always be restricted?
YES!
38
Is scatter good or bad?
Bad
39
Scatter is dependent on _________, __________________, and _________________.
1. kVP 2. Amount of irradiated tissue 3. Type of of irradiated tissue (soft tissue scatters more than bone)
40
What is the purpose of a radiographic grid?
Absorb scatter as it exits the pts body
41
Where is the radiographic grid placed?
Between the patient and the film
42
What is the visible affect of using the grid? (2)
reduces radiation fog and improves contrast
43
When should the radiographic grid be used? (2)
1. Larger body parts | 2. Higher kPv
44
What are 2 types of shape distortion?
Elongation and Foreshortening
45
When does elongation occur?
when tube or film is improperly aligned
46
When does foreshortening occur?
when body is improperly aligned with film
47
What is the only type of size distortion?
Magnification | OBJECTS CANNOT BE MINIMIZED
48
What does magnification result from?
OID object image distance
49
What can compensate for magnification?
SID source to image receptor distance
50
What affects radiation (4 things)
1. Age 2. Differentiation 2. Mitotic Rate 3. Metabolic Rate
51
Age affects amount of radiation because...
young cells are more sensitive
52
Differentiation affects amount of radiation because...
simple cells are more sensitive
53
Mitotic rate affects amount of radiation because...
Rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive
54
Metabolic rate affects amount of radiation because...
using energy rapidly increase sensitivity
55
Which cells have highest sensitivity? (4)
1. Bone marrow 2. Gonadal 3. Eye lenses 4. GI
56
What cells have lowest sensitivity? (3)
1. Muscle 2. Nerve 3. Chondrocyte
57
ROENTGEN
R Symbolizes amount of ionization produced by a specific amount of radiation in air only
58
What does RAD stand for?
Radiation Absorbed Dose
59
RAD defined
Measurement of energy absorbed and can be applied to any absorbing material
60
What does REM stand for?
Radiation Equivalent in Man
61
REM defined
Measurement of biological change; this is the reading on monitoring devices
62
REM SI equivalent
sievert 1 REM = 10 mSv
63
Which is more dangerous, having a chest x-ray or being an unmarried male who eats twinkles and soda while driving his ford
Being unmarried
64
Which joint spaces are seen well on routine shoulder views? (4)
Proximal humorous, scapula, clavicle; acromion clearance
65
Which joint spaces are not seen well on routine shoulder views? (3) and what view would make them viewable?
Glenohumeral joint- Grashy view AC joint- axial projection scapulothoracic- scapular "Y" view
66
Order a PA chest exam to see...(5 things)
1. lung fields 2. heart 3. great vessels 4. ribs 5. soft tissues
67
Order a lateral chest exam to see... (6)
1. reduce cardiac magnification 2. localize mediastinum and lesions 3. lungs fields 4. heart 5. great vessels 6. ribs
68
When to order a thoracic spine exam
1. (AP) suspect spine lesions
69
What will be overexposed in a thoracic spine exam?
ribs and lungs
70
What do you want to see when you order a rib exam?
body structures and rib fractures
71
Why include an upright chest film with a rib study?
To determine underlying lung/soft tissue injury
72
What is the scaphoid view?
Ulnar flexion during PA hand projection
73
Which side of the wrist is the scaphoid on?
radial
74
How to image lumbar spine instability?
Flexion and extension views---lateral
75
What is a pars interarticularis fracture?
fracture of bone between pedicle and lamina
76
What condition might pars interarticularis result in?
spondylolysis
77
In addition to the routine three-view, which cervical spine views are indicated when radicular symptoms are noted?
Oblique view to visualize intervertebral foramina
78
What are the three views in a routine 3 view?
AP AP open mouth lateral
79
What is the best view for the sacroiliac joints and lumbosacral area?
AP spot view 25-30 degrees
80
A common fracture sight in cases of inversion ankle sprain is the base of 5th metatarsal. Which additional views demonstrate this area?
Minimum series: 1. AP dorsoplanter projection 2. Med oblique 3. lateral
81
Fracture of 5th metatarsal is called... (2)
Dancer's fracture | Jone's fracture
82
What study demonstrate pneumoperitoneum and/or bowel obstruction?
Acute abdomen series- - -Supine (AP)- AKA KUB, Scout film; overview (bowel obstruction - -Upright chest--captures free air between liver and diaphragm, lung base pathology - -Decubitus, esp. if patient can't stand

DI (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions