EXAM 1 Flashcards
In the natural history of a disease, the pre-pathogenesis period refers to:
Behavioral, genetic, environmental and other factors that may contribute to an individual’s likelihood of contracting a disease
In the past, patient behaviors within the health care delivery system were formed from the authoritarian positions of better-educated providers who expected patients to be compliant and grateful. Today, health care providers and consumers:
encourage more proactive roles for patients’ participation in health care decisions with “shared decision-making”
Long term care needs of older, chronically ill Americans pose a particular delivery system challenge because
Neither Medicare nor private insurance support ongoing, non-acute services
Of the levels of prevention associated with the natural history of disease, primary prevention refers to:
health education and specific protection
Potential conflicts of interest occur when physicians own or invest in businesses (e.g. diagnostic, medical supply companies) to which they can refer patients to generate profits. In response to these physician conflict of interest issues:
The ACA includes “Sunshine provisions” require reporting of all financial transactions and transfers of value between pharmaceutical/biologic product manufacturers and physicians, hospitals and other entities reimbursed by the federal government
The major health care advances of the second half of the 20th century were in the area of:
vaccines and antibiotics to prevent and control infectious diseases, tranquilizers, the birth control pill
The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was a response to which of the following?
public and professional concerns about painful and demeaning terminal medical care
The explosion of science and technology in the 1970s resulted in which of the following?
All of the above
The American Medical Association’s initial reaction to Blue Cross hospital insurance plans suggested that the plans
Were unsound and unethical
A central provision of the ACA to assure health care coverage for most Americans is:
the individual mandate
In its landmark report on hospital errors, “To Err is Human,” the Institute of Medicine emphasized that errors in care most typically originate from which one of the following sources?
Deficiencies in the systems of care
In health care, which of the following terms refers to a system that includes several service components with each addressing one or more dimensions of a population’s health care needs?
Vertically integrated
Hospital value-based purchasing now required by the ACA for over 3,000 Medicare participating hospitals is a program that may be best described as using:
Incentive payments for achievements and improvements in clinical care and patient satisfaction
A major obligation of doctors when obtaining informed consent for a medical procedure is to:
ensure that the patient understands the risks and benefits of the procedure
Hospitals in the future health care system will:
no longer be the axis of health care delivery but retain core roles as sites of sophisticated care, professional teaching and clinical research
The primary organizational mode of medical care in the United States, in terms of volume of services delivered, is:
private practice physicians’ offices
In addition to providing primary and preventive care, federally qualified community health centers also:
help patients link with other supportive programs and services such as welfare, Medicaid, the Women, Infants and Children supplemental nutrition program (WIC) and the Child Health Insurance Program.
“Urgent Care” is best described as care:
provided on a walk-in, extended hour basis for acute illness and injury that is either beyond the scope of or availability of a primary care practice or retail clinic
In today’s hospitals, outpatient clinics frequently provide:
all of the above
Which of the following is not a principle of a patient-centered medical home practice?
Appointment systems adhere to strictly enforced, advance scheduling.
Health care reforms will change the emphasis in medical practice from treating illness in individual patients to maintaining wellness in community populations. This shift poses major challenges to the medical education process because:
all of the above
Which of the following organizations is responsible for approving the content of post-medical school residency training?
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
Academic Health Centers may be best described as
complexes of medical schools and other health professional schools – such as nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, and allied health – affiliated with each other and with teaching hospitals and other research and clinical facilities
In 1905, the American Medical Association, with support from the Carnegie Foundation, commissioned a study of U.S. medical schools in response to decades of concern about the quality of medical education and training. The resulting Flexner Report is considered a benchmark in the history of medical education because it:
B. and C.
Medical societies were first established for the primary purpose of
improving the quality of medical education and practice
The ACA addressed numerous long-standing health workforce issues. Most importantly, it established the National Health Care Workforce Commission with the overall mandate to:
Evaluate and make recommendations in areas such as training and support for workers at all levels, efficient workforce deployment, professional compensation and coordination among different types of providers
A physician residency training program is best described as:
an accredited training program of at least 3 years post-medical school, that prepares physicians to practice in a medical specialty
Health care system changes, including advancing technology, will likely result in new, more highly specialized health occupations. Which of the following is not one of the expected effects of this development?:
hospitals’ resistance to employing multi-skilled personnel
Complementary medicine differs from alternative medicine in that complementary medicine
is used together with conventional medical treatment while alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medical treatment
Each year approximately 6,000 international medical graduates (IMGs) enter the U.S. to practice. IMGs are vitally important to the health care delivery system because they:
they fill a shortfall in the number of residents required by U.S. hospitals
