Exam 1 Flashcards
5 Target Types (JTS001)
Facility Individual Virtual Equipment Organization
4 Principles of Targeting (JTS001)
Focused
Effects Based
Interdisciplinary
Systematic
Define High Value Target (HVT)
A target the enemy commander requires for successful completion of the mission
Define High Payoff Target (HPT)
A target whose loss to the enemy would significantly contribute to the success of the friendly course of action
Time Sensitive Target (TST)
A Joint Force Commander (JFC) Validated target or set of targets requiring immediate response because:
- It is a highly lucrative target
- Fleeting target of opportunity
- It poses (or soon will pose) a danger to friendly forces.
Target
A target is an entity or object considered for possible engagement or action to alter or neutralize the function it performs for the enemy
Targeting
The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities
The categories (and subcategories) of targeting
Deliberate: Scheduled/ On Call
Dynamic: Unplanned/ Unanticipated
Joint Targeting Cycle
- End State and Commander’s Objective
- Target Development and Prioritization
- Capabilities Analysis
- Commander’s Decision and Force Assignment
- Mission Planning and Force Execution
- Target Assessment
Considerations in establishing a Joint Fires Element (JFE)
- Mission
- Operation’s Complexity
- Operations Duration
- Peacetime Staffing Levels
- Expertise of new operations staff
- Joint Force Composition
Role of Joint Fires Element (JFE)
- Coordinate JIPTL development
- Assist JIOC development of HVT and HPTs
- Monitor TST operations for the J3
Considerations for selecting a component commander
Who possesses the preponderance of the force
Who possesses the ability to C2 the force
JFC’s options for conducting JTCB
- Establish JTCB and appoint deputy JFC/CC as chairman
- Delegate authority to a deputy or subordinate component commander
- Retain authority and conduct with J3 assistance
Joint Intelligence Operations Center (JIOC) Responsibilities
- Target Development
- Target Material Production
- Collection Management
- Combat Assessment/ Battle Damage Assessment (CA/BDA)
Joint Fires Element Functions
- Develops JOA wide joint targeting guidance
- Coordinates, De-conflicts, and validates target nominations at the JFC level and higher
- Coordinates component inputs to the JIPTL
- Prioritizes and forwards the JIPTL to the JTCB for review and approval and then manages it
- Coordinates, manages, and disseminates FSCMs
- Develops role, functions, and agenda of the JTCB for JFC approval
- Organize a strategy team to address intermediate targeting efforts to bridge the gap between current and future operations
- Review/Recommend ISR Collection requirements
- Develop joint fires estimate and COAs
- Monitor TST and component critical target ops for J3
- Recommend JTF HPT to Joint Planning Group
- Coordinate Joint Fires and targeting ROE issues
- Develop collateral damage prevention procedures based on commander’s guidance and higher level directives
- Conduct assessments of joint fires and targeting in coordination with HHQ and Components
4 Law of Armed Conflict Principles
- Military Necessity
- Proportionality
- Unnecessary Suffering
- Distinction
Seven Intelligence Functions
Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) - Imagery, Imagery Intelligence, Geospatial Information
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) - COMINT, ELINT, FISINT
Measures and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT)
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
Technical Intelligence (TECHINT)
Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
Counter Intelligence (CI)
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
- Updates in Garrison orders of battle
National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA)
- Produces timely, tailored. and accurate mapping, charting, and geospatial products, services, and training
Joint Warfare Analysis Center (JWAC)
Provides functional network analysis to identify critical networks, nodes, and influence points within an adversary infrastructure
National Security Agency (NSA)
Focal points for the collection and analysis of foreign communications signals intelligence
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
Focal point for analysis of WMD-related target vulnerability predictions and assessments
Elements of commanders intent
Purpose and end state
Objective
Efect
Center of Gravity
Source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act
Critical capabilities
Means that is considered a crucial enabler for a COG to function
Critical Requirements
An essential condition, resources and means for a CC to be fully operational
Critical Vulnerability
An aspect of the CR which is deficient or vulnerable to attack
Commander’s Intent
Clear and concise expression of the operation’s purpose and the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commands act to achieve the commander’s desired results
end state
Set of required conditions that defines achievement of the commander’s objectives
Objective
The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which every operation is directed
Effect
The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of actions, or another effect
Measure of Performance
A criterion used to assess friendly actions that is tied to measuring task accomplishment
Measure of Effect
A criterion used to assess changes in system behavior, capability, or operational environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end state, an objective, or the creation of an effect
Importance of end state and commander’s objectives in targeting
- Essential to determine best targeting alternatives for a situation
- Determine priorities for targeting effort and provide damage criteria
- Focus intelligence collection, exploitation, and production efforts
What does the JIPOE Process define
The enemy operational environement
Target Taxonomy
- Adversary
- Target System
- Target system component
- Target
- Target element (aimpoint)
Nation-State Actor
Target systems associated with sovereign nation states and their war-fighting/sustaining capabilities.
Non-State Actors
Those target systems associated with non-sovereign entities that exercise significant economic, political, or social power and influence at a national or international level.
Three phases of target development
- Target System Analysis
- Target Development
- Target List Management
Who produces target system analyses?
Component Commands
Purpose of basic stage target development
To assign a unique identifier
Purpose of Intermediate Stage Target Development
To prepare the target for vetting
Parts of basic stage target development
- Target Identification
- Target location
- Target Function (Functional ID)
- Target Significance
Parts of Intermediate Stage of target development
- Target Description
- Functional characterization
- Target expectation statement
- Critical target elements
- Source
What does the intelligence community provide vetting elements?
- Collateral damage considerations
- Intelligence Gain/Lost Concerns
Target Significance Statement
Conveys target’s value to enemy system and differentiates the target from other low-level targets within the enemy system
Target Expectation Statement
The focus of the target expectation statement is not the target itself, but the effect(s) on the target system (and adversary) with which it is associated
Vetting
A part of target development that assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to targeting (2 function)
Validation
Ensures all vetted targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined in the LOW and ROE
Joint Target List (JTL)
A consolidated list of selected targets upon which there are no restrictions placed, considered to have military significance in the JFC operational area
Restricted Target List (RTL)
A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force and approved by the JFC - Includes restricted targets directed by higher authorities
NO Strike List (NSL)
A list of entities characterized as protected from the effects of military operations under international law.
Target Nomination List (TNL)
A target-Consolidated list of targets made up of the multiple candidate target lists. A prioritized list of targets drawn from the joint target list and nominated component commander’s, appropriate agencies, or the joint force commander’s staff for inclusion on the join integrated prioritized target list (JIPTL)
Joint Integrated Prioritized Target List (JIPTL)
A prioritized list of targets approved and maintained by the JFC. Targets and priorities are derived from the recommendations of the components and other appropriate agencies in conjunction with their proposed operations supporting the joint force commander’s objectives and guidance
