Exam 1 Flashcards
why do we look at pictures
to understand what they say about our relationship to the environment and each other
environmental preference factors (4)
topophilia, aesthetic experience, emotional attachment, evolutionary theories
topophilia
bond between people and places
aesthetic experience
pleasure in response to what is seen
emotional attachment
patriotism, cultural connection
evolutionary theories
innate preferences trained into us through survival
savanna landscape
the transition from open forest with grassy undergrowth to savanna is gradual and is determined by duration and severity of dry season, fire, and grazing. Contains a food sources for humans, there are views and grassy ground cover, as well as trees and shade for protection
prospect refuge
people prefer places that are protected it with a view outward. protect - expanding, bright; refuge - small and dark. Your back is covered, outward view - nothing can come up behind you and you can see everything in front of you
view out a window
patients who can see out a window recover more quickly and require less pain medication; there is something in us that responds to what we look at
please in prospect to water
important to both climate and emotional needs
preference
humans interpret the environment in terms of their needs and prefer settings in which they’re likely to function more effectively; want mystery, but not too much - need legibility
balance
adapting environment to suit our needs; adapting ourselves to suit the environment
impelling form
sustainable practices and technologies evolving from negative “ugly” to “beautiful”, and wasteful practices becoming “ugly”; changing things to impel people to make the right choices
body and it’s relation to space (3)
proportion, anthropometrics, ergonomics
proportion
golden ratio (think sea shell); “average” is only a few people (think to class example); have to design to suit everyone - not just the average
anthropometrics
the study of the human physical dimensions, capabilities, and limitations
ergonomics
the study of people and machines; application of human factors data to design; example - the seat: design seating to meet needs of different people (age, ability, activity, etc.); armrest - helps people get out of the chair
conversing design (2)
sociopetal, sociofugal
sociopetal
bring people into face to face interactions; ex. corners
sociofugal
spaces discourage interactions
accessibility
must take disabilities into consideration; all public spaces must be accessible to people who are handicapped
sociability
gathering; people watching; access/egress
privacy
controlling interaction
personal space
distances that people maintain between themselves and other people; an “invisible boundary” between a person’s body and other people
proxemics
the study of how people unconsciously structure micro-space; this needs to be taken into account when designing - ex. designing round tables for negotiations purposes
spacial needs
needs for privacy, personal space; spectrum of contract - from sense of isolating to crowding; key is the ability to control the degree and type of contact - ex. movable seats/ at the beach, people can decide where they want to lay down
territoriality
sense of control and ownership of a geographic space
attitude/behaviors/markings to reinforce possessiveness - ex. a bedroom
defensible space
how people need transitions between public and private
establishing a sense of control in the environment
public, semi-public, semi-private, private; gives a lot of options
healthy and active living (3)
barriers to physical activity, views of physical activity, exercise
barriers to exercise
socioeconomic status, mobility constraints, environmental, personal
views of personal activity
not about everyone needs to go to the gym; where are you and what will make it easier for you to exercise
exercise
can be leisure, can be a part of your daily life; less vigorous, more time more vigorous, less time
land use (impelling form)
by considering adjacencies and mixing uses, we can enhance opportunities in daily life - ex. looking at land use life; bringing things closer together so that people can walk to things they need
streets and connectivity (impelling form)
getting cars to move as fast and as safely as possible
street design (impelling form)
streets aren’t just about cars - need to be considered in design; bikers - street hierarchy; street width, shape and connection to bikers/pedestrians; traffic calming techniques
street bumps, circles, etc.; pedestrian space; size of sidewalks; street trees make experience more enjoyable
neighborhood form (impelling form)
overall concept, land use, circulation, character and quality
transit oriented development (impelling form)
a mixed use residential and commercial are designed to maximize access to public transport, and often; incorporates features to encourage specific activities
integrating recreation to everyday life (impelling form)
parks and park systems, edges and corridors, age considerations
encouraging people to use design ideas (impelling form)
quality of space, perceived and actual safety, people like being around other people, choice
food landscape (impelling form)
farmers markets, community gardens, etc
community food security (impelling form)
a condition in which all community residents obtain a safe, culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate diet through a sustainable food system that maximizes community self reliance and social justice
climate
weather conditions prevailing in an area in general over a long period
microclimate
local atmospheric zone where climate differs from surrounding area
designs to address climate
wind catchers, southern facing homes to allow maximum sunlight
urban heat island effect
cities are hotter than the surrounding climates
climates in the US
cool, temperate, hot-humid, hot-arid
passive solar strategies
site orientation, shading, heat storage, natural cooling, natural lighting
green roofs
reduce cooling costs , reduce storm water, habitat, filter pollutants and carbon dioxide, some sound insulation
what makes public space work (movie)
people attract other people, moving conversation, people sit where there are places to sit, food
legibility
the ease with which parts can be recognized and organized into a coherent pattern
imageability
that quality in a physical object - a landmark; ex. eiffel tower in paris
elements used in city image
path, edge, district, node, landmark
path
channels of movement
edge
boundaries between two phases, breaks in continuity, such as walls, waterways
district
medium to large sections of a city that have common character - the north end in boston
node
points of activity, places where people come together
landmark
physical objects that symbolize cities
