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Environmental Design and Analysis > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

why do we look at pictures

A

to understand what they say about our relationship to the environment and each other

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2
Q

environmental preference factors (4)

A

topophilia, aesthetic experience, emotional attachment, evolutionary theories

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3
Q

topophilia

A

bond between people and places

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4
Q

aesthetic experience

A

pleasure in response to what is seen

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5
Q

emotional attachment

A

patriotism, cultural connection

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6
Q

evolutionary theories

A

innate preferences trained into us through survival

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7
Q

savanna landscape

A

the transition from open forest with grassy undergrowth to savanna is gradual and is determined by duration and severity of dry season, fire, and grazing. Contains a food sources for humans, there are views and grassy ground cover, as well as trees and shade for protection

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8
Q

prospect refuge

A

people prefer places that are protected it with a view outward. protect - expanding, bright; refuge - small and dark. Your back is covered, outward view - nothing can come up behind you and you can see everything in front of you

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9
Q

view out a window

A

patients who can see out a window recover more quickly and require less pain medication; there is something in us that responds to what we look at

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10
Q

please in prospect to water

A

important to both climate and emotional needs

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11
Q

preference

A

humans interpret the environment in terms of their needs and prefer settings in which they’re likely to function more effectively; want mystery, but not too much - need legibility

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12
Q

balance

A

adapting environment to suit our needs; adapting ourselves to suit the environment

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13
Q

impelling form

A

sustainable practices and technologies evolving from negative “ugly” to “beautiful”, and wasteful practices becoming “ugly”; changing things to impel people to make the right choices

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14
Q

body and it’s relation to space (3)

A

proportion, anthropometrics, ergonomics

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15
Q

proportion

A

golden ratio (think sea shell); “average” is only a few people (think to class example); have to design to suit everyone - not just the average

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16
Q

anthropometrics

A

the study of the human physical dimensions, capabilities, and limitations

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17
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of people and machines; application of human factors data to design; example - the seat: design seating to meet needs of different people (age, ability, activity, etc.); armrest - helps people get out of the chair

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18
Q

conversing design (2)

A

sociopetal, sociofugal

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19
Q

sociopetal

A

bring people into face to face interactions; ex. corners

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20
Q

sociofugal

A

spaces discourage interactions

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21
Q

accessibility

A

must take disabilities into consideration; all public spaces must be accessible to people who are handicapped

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22
Q

sociability

A

gathering; people watching; access/egress

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23
Q

privacy

A

controlling interaction

24
Q

personal space

A

distances that people maintain between themselves and other people; an “invisible boundary” between a person’s body and other people

25
Q

proxemics

A

the study of how people unconsciously structure micro-space; this needs to be taken into account when designing - ex. designing round tables for negotiations purposes

26
Q

spacial needs

A

needs for privacy, personal space; spectrum of contract - from sense of isolating to crowding; key is the ability to control the degree and type of contact - ex. movable seats/ at the beach, people can decide where they want to lay down

27
Q

territoriality

A

sense of control and ownership of a geographic space

attitude/behaviors/markings to reinforce possessiveness - ex. a bedroom

28
Q

defensible space

A

how people need transitions between public and private
establishing a sense of control in the environment
public, semi-public, semi-private, private; gives a lot of options

29
Q

healthy and active living (3)

A

barriers to physical activity, views of physical activity, exercise

30
Q

barriers to exercise

A

socioeconomic status, mobility constraints, environmental, personal

31
Q

views of personal activity

A

not about everyone needs to go to the gym; where are you and what will make it easier for you to exercise

32
Q

exercise

A

can be leisure, can be a part of your daily life; less vigorous, more time more vigorous, less time

33
Q

land use (impelling form)

A

by considering adjacencies and mixing uses, we can enhance opportunities in daily life - ex. looking at land use life; bringing things closer together so that people can walk to things they need

34
Q

streets and connectivity (impelling form)

A

getting cars to move as fast and as safely as possible

35
Q

street design (impelling form)

A

streets aren’t just about cars - need to be considered in design; bikers - street hierarchy; street width, shape and connection to bikers/pedestrians; traffic calming techniques
street bumps, circles, etc.; pedestrian space; size of sidewalks; street trees make experience more enjoyable

36
Q

neighborhood form (impelling form)

A

overall concept, land use, circulation, character and quality

37
Q

transit oriented development (impelling form)

A

a mixed use residential and commercial are designed to maximize access to public transport, and often; incorporates features to encourage specific activities

38
Q

integrating recreation to everyday life (impelling form)

A

parks and park systems, edges and corridors, age considerations

39
Q

encouraging people to use design ideas (impelling form)

A

quality of space, perceived and actual safety, people like being around other people, choice

40
Q

food landscape (impelling form)

A

farmers markets, community gardens, etc

41
Q

community food security (impelling form)

A

a condition in which all community residents obtain a safe, culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate diet through a sustainable food system that maximizes community self reliance and social justice

42
Q

climate

A

weather conditions prevailing in an area in general over a long period

43
Q

microclimate

A

local atmospheric zone where climate differs from surrounding area

44
Q

designs to address climate

A

wind catchers, southern facing homes to allow maximum sunlight

45
Q

urban heat island effect

A

cities are hotter than the surrounding climates

46
Q

climates in the US

A

cool, temperate, hot-humid, hot-arid

47
Q

passive solar strategies

A

site orientation, shading, heat storage, natural cooling, natural lighting

48
Q

green roofs

A

reduce cooling costs , reduce storm water, habitat, filter pollutants and carbon dioxide, some sound insulation

49
Q

what makes public space work (movie)

A

people attract other people, moving conversation, people sit where there are places to sit, food

50
Q

legibility

A

the ease with which parts can be recognized and organized into a coherent pattern

51
Q

imageability

A

that quality in a physical object - a landmark; ex. eiffel tower in paris

52
Q

elements used in city image

A

path, edge, district, node, landmark

53
Q

path

A

channels of movement

54
Q

edge

A

boundaries between two phases, breaks in continuity, such as walls, waterways

55
Q

district

A

medium to large sections of a city that have common character - the north end in boston

56
Q

node

A

points of activity, places where people come together

57
Q

landmark

A

physical objects that symbolize cities

Environmental Design and Analysis (1 decks)

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