Exam 1

Question 1

What is child psychopathology?

Answer 1

Study of behavioral and emotional problems of childhood, psychiatric disorders seen in children

Question 2

Why study child psychopathology?

Answer 2

• Approximately 20% of children in the U.S. have a significant mental health problem & between 10%-20% meet criteria for a specific psychiatric disorder.
• Children differ qualitatively from adults and problems must be within developmental framework.
• Can help reduce suffering and improve quality of life &a low percentage of children (25%) get proper treatment

Question 3

People on Lecture 1

• John Locke
• Jean Marc
• John Bowlby

Answer 3

1. John Locke
   - English Philosopher &Physician
   - Believed that children are emotionally sensitive who should be treated with kindness/understanding and given proper educational opportunities & by doing this ultimately benefit society
2. Jean Marc Itard
   - French Physician
   - Tried to socialize “Wild Boy of Aveyron” (Boy found in woods alone)
   - -> dirty, mute, walked on all fours and had poor attention
   - “Wild Boy” project helped launch for special needs children
3. John Bowlby- Child psychiatrist, studied infants separated from their caregivers,

Question 4

What is competence?

Answer 4

Ability to successfully adapt in the environment using external and internal resources, and achieve normal developmental milestones

Question 5

What is developmental trajectory?

Answer 5

sequence and timing of behaviors and their manifestation over time (stability, change)

Question 6

What are some risk or protective factors?

Answer 6

Risks
(Variable that precedes an outcome of interest and increases the chances of a negative outcome.)
-chronic poverty or homelessness
-parental psychopathology and/or caregiving deficits
-parental substance abuse and/or criminality
-death of a parent
-divorce/marital conflict
-community violence/disasters

Protective/Resilience
(Positive variable that precedes an outcome of interest and decreases the chances that a negative outcome will occur.)
- Variables that decrease likelihood of pathology
-Not a fixed attribute
-Protective triad- strengths of child, family, school/community

Question 7

What does DSM-5 stand for?

Answer 7

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 8

Advantages & Disadvantages of diagnosis

Answer 8

Limitations

• Categorical (YES/NO)
• Developmentally insensitive (improving)
• Descriptive approach (cluster of symptoms), can seem superficial & doesn’t incorporate etiology(origin of disease)

Strengths

• Reliability, good measurement, repeatability
• Provides a common ground

Question 9

Areas of Brain and function

Answer 9

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Cerebral Cortex, Limbic System- Amygdala, Hypothalamus, Hippocampus

Question 10

A. Lobes

Answer 10

Frontal Lobe- Organizes & plans and controls some movements (depression, ADHD,OCD)

Question 11

B. Cerebral Cortex

Answer 11

Regulates attention span and impulse control, involved in problem solving, critical thinking, and empathy (ADHD, OCD, anxiety, bipolarity)

Question 12

C. Limbic System

Answer 12

Amygdala- Emotions and aggression (depression, anxiety, panic, PTSD, autism)
Hypothalamus- Regulating basic biological needs, hunger, thirst, temp control
Hippocampus- Learning, memory (depression, anxiety, panic, bipolarity,autism)

Question 13

Attachment Types

Answer 13

Secure- Separates to explore but when feels distressed will seek caregiver then continue with exploration, creates a protective function against disordered outcomes

Insecure AA (Anxious avoidant)- explore but w/ no affection towards caregiver, wary of strangers, and worried if left alone, often thin they’re vulnerable to hurt and others not to be trusted, may cause aggressive behavior,depressive symptoms

Insecure AR (Anxious resistant)- No interest in wanting to explore/play, when reunited with caregiver seems to have difficulty settling down, have difficulty managing anxiety, tend to overreact and have negative ideas of self, phobias of anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, depression

Disorganized- no emotions shown, not have any type of attachment

Question 14

Twin Studies

- Types of Twins & Why study them?

Answer 14

Monozygotic- Share 100% DNA, One fertilized egg that splits into two, changed b/c of environment

Dizygotic- Share 50% DNA, two fertilized eggs, share characteristics

Why? Because concordance rate which is degree of similarity among twin pair on a characteristic or condition.
(EX: SCHIZO M=46% D=14% so evidence for genetic contribution for that condition)

Question 15

Developmental Psychopathology

Answer 15

Macroparadigm for organizing study of abnormal child psychology around milestones and sequences in development

Question 16

Cripple

Answer 16

Sensitive periods during which environmental influences are enhanced

Question 17

Developmental Tasks- Infancy to preschool

Answer 17

attachment to caregiver, language, self control and compliance

Question 18

Developmental Tasks- Middle childhood

Answer 18

School adjustment, academic achievement, peers, rules of society,

Question 19

Developmental Tasks- Adolescence

Answer 19

Academic skills for higher education/work, social involvement, close friendships, identity information

Question 20

Multifinality

Answer 20

similar early experiences lead to a different outcomes (many outcomes)

Question 21

Equifinality

Answer 21

different factors lead to a similar outcome