Exam 1 Flashcards
The muscle fiber is composed of many ________grouped together
Myo fibrils
The process of converting substrates into energy is called
Bioenergetics
What are the two main contractile proteins in a muscle contraction?
Actin
Myosin
What is the main cause in hitting the wall in an endurance competition?
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Not having enough glycogen
What is cardiac output ?
Stroke volume x heart rate
Humans can store approx ______ kcal in the body
2500
How do we determine respiratory exchange ratio?
VCO2/VO2
Name 3 adaptations to aerobic training?
Increase VO2max Mitochondrial increase Increase myoglobin Increase oxidative enzymes Angiogenesis
What structure is used for oxygen storage in the muscle?
Myoglobin
Name the 4 main properties of muscle
Excitability
Elasticity
Extensibility
Contractibility
With training the body can oxidize ______ and use it for energy
Lactate
What part of the body likes to use lactate
Brain and heart
At rest we use _______ as fuel At high intensity primarily ______ is used at low intensity
50% fat 50%carb
Carb
What structure allows action potentials to propagate?
T tubules
What produces more ATP? Glycogen or glucose ? How much ATP is produced by each ?
Glycogen
2/3 ATP
What is the primary energy system
Of the brain?
Carbs
What term refers to increased capillary density if muscle?
Angiogenesis
What is running economy?
The O2 uptake needed to run at a given velocity
What are 3 main function of muscle?
Movement
Skeletal stability
Protect internal organs
Generate heat
What are the 2 thinks that effect the activity of enzymes ?
Temp and ph
What do enzymes do ?
Breakdown ATP –>adp +p
Speed up reactions
A way to artificially enhance red blood cell concentration
Blood doping
When actin and myosin overlap they form
Cross bridges
For the 2 athletes with the same VO2max the person with _______ has better performance?
Lactate threshold
What neurotransmitter allows action potential to enter cell
Acetylcholine
If the production is equal to the rate of clearing this substrate can be used as an energy source
Lactate
A myo fibril is composed of many what linked together?
Sarcomeres
Muscle spindles provide information regarding the _______ of muscles while the Golgi tendon organ provide information about ______ of muscles
Length
Tension
________ help lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction and also regulate the speed of reactions within a cell . Two primary contributors to the amount of their activity are ______ and ______
Enzymes
Ph
Temp
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is responsible for storing and releasing ______
Calcium
Hydrolysis is a reaction that results in
Breaking down ATP into adp and phosphate
During excitation contraction coupling _______ binds to the_______ via the _____ binding site
Myosin head
Actin filament
Troponin
What is the primary mineral needed in the body?
Calcium
