Exam 1 Flashcards
Moore’s Law
The law that the number of transistors on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months
Abstract reasoning
the ability to make and manipulate models
systems thinking
connecting a set of inputs and outputs into a sensible whole
collaboration
two or more people working together
experimentation
making a reasonable analysis of an opportunity
system
a group of components that interact
Information System (IS)
a group of components that interact to produce information
Five Components Framework
Hardware Software Data Procedures People
Management Information Systems
management and use of information systems
Information Technology
Products, methods, inventions, and standards that are used to produce information
IT vs. IS
You can buy IT but you can’t buy IS
strong password
- 10 or more characters
- does not contain username, real name, or company name
- no complete words
- no the same as a previous password
- contains an upper case, lower case, number, and a special character
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
international standard for creating business diagrams
business process
network of activities for accomplishing a business function
swimlane format
type of BPM that where each role has its own column or “lane”
activity (related to BPM)
tasks that need to be accomplished
O (thin circle)
start of a business process
repository
collection of data stored within the business process
data flows
movement of data from one activity to another
sequence flows
solid line between activities
Two dimensions of process quality
- effectiveness
- efficiency
effectiveness process quality
business process that enables the business to accomplish its strategies
efficient process quality
ratio of benefits to costs
information
knowledge derived from data
Data characteristics
- Accurate
- Timely
- Relevant
- Just barely sufficient
- Worth its cost
5 forces model
helps organizations determine the potential profitability of an industry
Competitive forces (3 of 5)
competition from…
- vendors of substitutes
- new competitors
- existing rivals
Bargaining power forces (2 of 5)
bargaining power of…
- suppliers
- customers
How is strength determined in a five forces model?
the strength is low if the threat of the customer taking their business elsewhere is low
competitive strategy
the strategy a business uses to succeed
value chain
network of value-creating activities
primary activities
functions that relate directly to the production of the business’ products or services
support activities
functions that assist the primary activities
primary activities (list)
- inbound logistics
- operations/manufacturing
- outbound logistics
- sales and marketing
- customer service
linkages
interactions across value activities
How does an organization create a competitive advantage?
creating new products, enhancing existing ones, and differentiating from competitors
metadata
data that describes the data
switching costs
make it difficult for a consumer to switch from your product to another
computer hardware
electronic components and gadgets that input, process, output, and store data according to the instructions from programs and software
central processing unit (CPU)
selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons and stores results in memory
storage hardware
saves data and programs (i.e. magnetic disk and usb flashdrive)
types of hardware
- PC
- tablet
- smartphone
- etc
server
computer that supports processing requests from many remote computers and users
clients
things that access servers
how many bytes are in a kilobyte?
1,024
how many bits in a byte?
8
volatile
components are lost when the power is off
non-volatile
content is saved when power is off
internet of things
objects are becoming connected to the internet to interact with other devices, applications, or servers
operating system (OS)
program that controls that computer’s resources
-reads and writes data
native applications (thick-client)
programs written for one particular OS
web applications (thin-client)
runs within a computer browser
non-mobile client examples
Windows
Mac OS
Unix
Linux
mobile client examples
Symbian BlackBerry OS iOS Android Windows 8
server examples
Windows server
Unix
Linux
virtualization
when one physical computer hosts many virtual computers within it
PC virtualization
PC hosts several OS’s
license
the right to use the program
database
a self-describing collection of integrated records
table
a group of similar rows or records
relational databases
databases that carry their data in tables that represent relationships using foreign keys
database management system (DBMS)
a program used to create, process, and administer a database
DBMS examples
access
SQL
oracle
Structured Query Language (SQL)
international standard language for processing a database
database application
a collection of forms, reports, queries, and applications programs
forms (database app)
view and edit data
reports (database app)
structured presentation of data using sorting and other operations
queries (database app)
search based upon data values provided by the user
application programs (database app)
provide security, data consistency, and special-purpose processing
multiuser processing
multiple users processing the same database
user interface
presentation format of an application
user experience
the way the app affects the user’s emotions
roaming
when users move their activities across devices
