Exam 1

Question 1

Hiawatha

Answer 1

Pre-Colonial Native American leader and cofounder of the Iroquois Confedracy

Question 2

First Contact

Answer 2

Columbus first European to make contact with Native Americans. Indians had never seen a European before.

Question 3

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 3

A Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519-1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth.

Question 4

Joint Stock Company

Answer 4

Predecessor to major corporations. A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Founded colonies

Question 5

Jamestown

Answer 5

A British settlement established on the James River in Virginia in 1607. First permanent British colony

Question 6

John Smith

Answer 6

Important person in Jamestown’s establishment

Question 7

Starving Time

Answer 7

Period in Jamestown where there was little food and supplies because no one worked

Question 8

John Rolfe

Answer 8

Credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the colony of Virginia. Known as the hub and of Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan Confedracy. “Cured” tobacco, which took the bitter taste out, making it more profitable by allowing it to compete with Spanish tobacco

Question 9

Tobacco

Answer 9

Was the chief money crop in all the British Colonies in the New World (cash crop)

Question 10

Pocahontas

Answer 10

Virginia Indian notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. Daughter of Powhatan.

Question 11

Nathaniel Bacon

Answer 11

Colonist of Virginia Colony, famous as the instigator of Bacon’s Rebellion of 1676, which collapsed when Bacon himself died from dysentery

Question 12

Enclosure Movement

Answer 12

Legal process in England which enclosed small landholdings to create one larger farm. Once enclosed, use of land became restricted to owner, and it ceased to be communal land for communal use

Question 13

Mercantilism

Answer 13

Mercantilism was an economic theory and practice, dominant in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century, that promoted governmental regulation of a nation’s economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers. It was the economic counterpart of political absolutism or absolute monarchies. Mercantilism includes a national economic policy aimed at accumulating monetary reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods. Historically, such policies frequently led to war and also motivated colonial expansion. Mercantilist theory varies in sophistication from one writer to another and has evolved over time. High tariffs, especially on manufactured goods, are an almost universal feature of mercantilist policy.

Question 14

Navigation Acts

Answer 14

Passed by parliament, prevented any other ships from trading in British Ports.

Question 15

Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 15

Farming enough to support yourself and family, not for commercial profit

Question 16

Staple Crop Agirculture

Answer 16

Farming crops solely for commercial use/trading and monetary gain

Question 17

Royal Colony

Answer 17

King appoints the governor and the council

Question 18

Proprietary Colony

Answer 18

Owned by a company, family, or group of people, and the proprietor appoints governor and council (Virginia - Virginia Company; Pennsylvania- William Penn; Maryland- the Calvert family)

Question 19

Self-Governing Colony

Answer 19

All branches are elected by the people (Rhode Island and Connecticut)

Question 20

William Bradford

Answer 20

Plymouth Colony Governor between 1621 and 1657

Question 21

Separatists

Answer 21

English Protestants who occupied the extreme wing of Puritanism. They were severely critical of the Church of England and wanted to either destroy it or separate from it.

Question 22

Political Party

Answer 22

Political group with a certain set of views and beliefs

Question 23

William Penn

Answer 23

Created Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. Advocate for freedom of religion

Question 24

Redemptioners

Answer 24

Families; 2 weeks to redeem themselves for passage to new world through servitude; best colonists

Question 25

Triangular Trade Route

Answer 25

Slave trade route between New England, W. Africa coast, and W. Indies. Rum manufactured in England / New England and shipped to Africa, traded for slaves.

Question 26

Middle Passage

Answer 26

When slaves are transported to the new world

Question 27

Royal Africa Company

Answer 27

Monopoly of supplying slaves to the New World. It was closed in 1752.

Question 28

Slave Codes

Answer 28

First in Virginia in 1680; South Carolina in 1712; Louisiana - Code Noir (Black Code)

Question 29

George Whitefield

Answer 29

English Anglican cleric who helped spread great awakening in Britain and especially, in the American colonies.

Question 30

Great Awakening

Answer 30

Most significant religious movement in Colonial America beginning in 1740. Message was that all are sinners, and in orde to be saved, one must go through an emotional experience of being saved. 4 consequences;
Increase in other denominations 
More humanitarian treatment of slaves
Boost in education 
Boost to democracy in colonies

Question 31

Peter Zenger

Answer 31

Criticized local governor in newspaper, accused of libel, found innocent, awareness for freedom of speech

Question 32

Privy Council

Answer 32

Advisory body to King in all matters.
3 functions
Could make policy by drafting legislation and having parliament pass it
Could veto colonial law that conflicted with England (only about 5% disallowed
Heard cases on appeal from colonial court

Question 33

French and Indian War

Answer 33

The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years’ War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies.

Question 34

Treaty of Paris 1763

Answer 34

French and Spanish lost the war and had to give up large portions of land
France gave British all its possessions east of Mississippi River, excluding isle of Orleans, also ceded Canada

Spain ceded east and west Florida

France ceded Louisiana to Spain

Question 35

New Colonial Policy

Answer 35

4 parts
Rigid enforcement of existing trade laws

Britain stationed a standing army of 10,000 troops

Strengthen Royal governor

Taxes to pay for new provisions

Question 36

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 36

Proclamation line along Appalachian mountains to divide Indian territory from white settlement
Civil governments in the four areas taken after the war for non English speaking peoples- east and west Florida, Quebec, and Grenada - with no assembly

Question 37

Salutary Neglect

Answer 37

Allowed colonies to develop on their own without any supervision

Question 38

Sugar Act

Answer 38

Lowered dutton foreign molasses, imported mostly from the French West Indies, from 10 pence per gallon to 3 pence per gallon; designed to raise revenue

Question 39

External Tax

Answer 39

Not a tax in the colonies

Question 40

Stamp Act

Answer 40

Internal, direct tax.
A graduated tax payable only in specie on 80-100 articles most importantly on newspapers and legal documents but also tavern licenses,playing cards, almanacs, etc.

Question 41

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 41

1st inter colonial meeting

Question 42

Virginia Resolves

Answer 42

Patrick Henry; laid out grievances in the tax.

Challenges rights of parliament

Question 43

Sons of Liberty

Answer 43

Working class; favored direct violence toward tax collectors

Question 44

Non Importation Movement

Answer 44

Boycott against British goods

Question 45

Declaratory Act

Answer 45

Stated Parliament had right to tax colonies no matter what

Question 46

Townsend Acts

Answer 46

External measures passed by the parliament- levied taxes on a variety of imports
Ex. Paint, lead, paper, glass, and tea

Question 47

Sam Adams

Answer 47

Authored Massachusetts Circular Letter

Question 48

Boston Massacre

Answer 48

Altercation between British soldiers and colonists that resulted in 5 dead colonists

Question 49

Gaspee Incident

Answer 49

British Warship patrolling the bay. Investigated a small boat which led the Gaspee to shallow water where it crashed and radicals kidnapped British troops.

Question 50

Boston Tea Party

Answer 50

On December 17, 1773, 150 men disguised as Indians, rowed out to ship, took it over, and dumped its cargo into the harbor. This is known as the Boston Tea Party

Question 51

Tea Act

Answer 51

• Designed to save the British East India Company from financial ruin
• The company’s only asset was 17 million pounds of tea in warehouses around the world
• The act only permitted the company to ship the tea directly to the colonies and enabled them to sell it directly to consumers. This would bypass all middlemen and gave a monopoly over the tea market in America.

Question 52

Intolerable Acts

Answer 52

• British angered by Boston Tea Party and responded with a series of acts known as the Intolerable Acts or Coercive Acts passed in early 1774

Question 53

Massachusetts Government Act

Answer 53

• The Massachusetts Government Act, forbid any town meetings to be held without the governors consent

Question 54

Continental Congress

Answer 54

• Met in fall of 1774, but was not yet talking about independence
• Four actions
  1. Endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, authored Joseph Warren
  2. Galloway Plan of Union- calls for the congress to become permanent that would have the same standing as Parliament that would have a veto power over acts that violated colonial rights. Voted Down
  3. Drafted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances- Asserts rights as colonial citizens. Forerunner to Declaration of Independence
  4. The Colonial Association- machinery for another economic boycott. Stopped all exports
• The Continetal Congress adjourned with the understanding that they would meet again the following spring (1775) if the grievances were not redressed.

Question 55

Galloway Plan of Union

Answer 55

calls for the congress to become permanent that would have the same standing as Parliament that would have a veto power over acts that violated colonial rights. Voted Down

Question 56

Suffolk Resolves

Answer 56

The Suffolk Resolves was a declaration made on September 9, 1774 by the leaders of Suffolk County, Massachusetts, of which Boston is the major city. The declaration rejected the Massachusetts Government Act and resolved on a boycott of imported goods from Britain unless the Intolerable Acts were repealed.

Question 57

Iroquois (Confedracy)

Answer 57

5 Indian Nations; Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida. Formed a defensive alliance in the 15th century. Had been the most powerful native presence in the Ohio Valley since the 1640’s. Maintained autonomy by trading successfully with both French and English playing them against each other.