Exam 1 Flashcards
How does Informatics affect all nurses?
Nurses are information-dependent knowledge workers. Health care is continuing to evolve and nurses must be prepared to make a contribution by harnessing appropriate and timely information
Define Nursing Informatics
A field that integrates nursing, cognitive, computer, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in a specialty’s practice
The 4 salient concepts that informatics includes
Data, Information, Wisdom, Knowledge
Nursing Informatics is the manipulation of data, information, knowledge, especially related to what?
Decision making in any aspect of nursing
Whose standards are used to govern nursing informatics?
The American Nurses Association
Which nurses are nurse informatics specialists?
ALL NURSES; there is the ability for nurses to obtain higher educational degrees and certifications to help them to practice in the field of informatics
How do nursing informatics specialists enter the field?
All nurses are required to receive education in nursing informatics; Nurses who want to learn further about the field can obtain a higher degree at a university
The three concepts that are the underpinnings of informatics
Data, Information, Wisdom
Define Data
Discrete entitles described objectively obtained by NAMING, COLLECTING, AND ORGANIZING
Define Information
Data that is interpreted, organized, or structured
Define Knowledge
Information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified, and formalized
Define Wisdom
The appropriate application of knowledge to the management and solution of human problems
According to ANA scope and standards, nursing informatics is a specialty that integrates what? In order to manage and communicate what? Who is supported? In what? Where? Using what?
Nursing informatics integrates Nursing, computer, information; to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom in nursing; to support consumer, patients, nurses, and other providers; in their decision making; in all roles and settings; using information structures, processes and technology
What is the goal of nursing informatics?
To improve the health of populations, communities, families, and individuals by optimizing information management and communication
The word “Patient” refers to whom?
Consumers in a wellness and illness model
In what year did ANA first recognize nursing informatics as a specialty for registered nurses?
1992
What distinguishes informatics from the traditional informational management?
The use of informational technology
Describe ergonomics as typically used in the United States
The design and implementation of equipment tools, and machines related to human safety comfort and convenience.
Describe choosing among alternatives
We choose among alternatives by using decision making. These decisions are characterized by both the quality of the decisions and the impact of the actions resulting from those decisions. Guided by critical thinking.
What is an expert system?
A type of decision support system that implements the knowledge of one or more human experts without human intervention(i.e. an insulin pump)
What changes in technology will drastically alter biomedical applications?
Changes in society(Aging, AIDS, mobile technology)
Changes in health care delivery(the changing and expanding of roles of nursing)
Changes in technology(nanotechnology
What are the 5 Rights of Quality Information?
Right Info Right Accessibility/Security Right Setting Right Application Right Time
How is reliable Information “As close to the truth as one can get”?
Information is solely based upon data of the current age… as new data begins to trend, medicinal practices will change as will the information that goes along with it
What environment is conveyed by the environment?
By all 5 senses?
Output(environment)
Input(All 5 senses)
What are SILOS?
Silos are systems or languages created in specific departments that don’t interlink with other departments
What is Cloud Computing?
Web-Browser based log-in accessible data that can link systems
What does the field of cognitive science study?
The mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information processing perspective
What are three sources of knowledge?
Instinct, Reason, Intuition
Define Intuition
A way of acquiring knowledge that cannot be obtained by interference, deduction, observation, analysis, or experience.
What is Aristotle’s definition of intuition?
“A leap of understanding, a grasp of a larger concept unreachable by other intellectual means yet fundamentally an intellectual process”
How does intuition relate to nursing?
Once knowledge is acquired and practiced more, skilled nurses will act upon their knowledge to make decisions
What is the definition of AI as described by Herbert Simon?
Two functions- Use the power of computers to augment human thinking and use a computer’s AI to understand how humans think in a humanoid way
What is the definition of AI as described by John McCarthy?
The science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. Related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable
What is the definition of AI as described by Lamont?
“The ability to perform a task that is normally performed by natural intelligence, particularly human natural intelligence. We have in fact AI that can perform many tasks that used to require and could only be done by human intelligence”
Define Health Literacy
The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
What does CINAHL stand for?
The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
Medline- How many records does it contain?
Who maintains it?
+10 million; The National Library of Medicine
What are examples of copyright infringements?
Making/Distributing copies, using all or part of a copyrighted work, using copyright material without permission
What is the BOTTOM LINE regarding copyrights?
COPYRIGHT VIOLATION= PROSECUTION
What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?
Quantitative data focuses on numbers and frequencies, with the goal of describing a situation or looking for correlations or other relationships which will contribute to the outcome
Qualitative data is any information that can be captured but is not numerical. It is used to describe meaning than create statistics. Based on judgement and opinions.
What is data mining?
Using software to sort through data for the use of finding correlations and relationships between the data
How is confidentiality maintained in data mining?
Patients are deidentified(name/DOB/SSN removed)
What is Evidence-Based Practice?
Using clinical judgement and knowledge, along with protocols and policy procedures linked to scientific evidence, to make medical decisions
What is translational research?
Methods used in translating medical research into clinical interventions
What is the gold-standard concept that Dr. Archie Cochrane introduced?
Using randomized control trials and systemic review to conduct medical testing for purposes of evaluating validity and effectiveness of clinical intervention
What year was RCT introduced?
1972
Are RCT always available and possible to nurses to base their clinical practice on ?
No; when it is not nurses use internal and external forms of knowledge to make decisions
What are the barriers to Evidence Based Practice?
Lack of support from administration Lack of time Lack of technical options Lack of access to technology, research tools or libraries Lack of value in research
How have we transitioned in healthcare from Industrial Age to Information age?
In the 1900, the workforce was mainly farmers; Post WWI the job market became primarily industrial; In the current age, the new trend is in techonology
What does the future of informatics include?
Impacts of changing demographics Changes in healthcare technology Nanotechnology Encryption Biomedical Identifiers
Define Meta-Analysis
A form of systemic review that uses statistical methods to combine the results of multiple research studies
Define Interoperability
Networks the can link and work together
Define Inoperability
Networks the are unable to link and work together
What is subjective data?
What is objective data?
Which of these is the C/C of pain?
Subjective is what the pt. tells us such as a history.
Objective is what we obtain with our senses- such as a physical exam or Vital Signs
Pain is subjective
Describe data scrubbing
Data scrubbing is the process of amending or removing data in a database that is incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted. Wrong data can be misinterpreted and lead to incorrect information being dispersed
