Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the primary GI microflora in rabbits?
Gram+ Bacillus
Bacteriodes
What is the main VFA produced by rabbits?
Acetic acid
What % of GI content is normally in the cecum?
40%
What is the function of the vermiform appendix in rabbits?
Secrete bicarb to buffer cecal acids
Secrete water to form cecal paste
What are the normal flora in the cecum and colon of rabbits?
Bacillus
Bacteriodes
E. coli
Protozoa
Yeast
Clostridium
What part of the colon contains longitudinal folds and goblet cells?
3rd section (fusus coli)
What makes up cecotrophs?
Microorganisms
Amino acids
VFAs
Vitamins
What special property of cecotrophs allows the protein and vitamins to be absorbed in the small intestine?
Has a gelatinous coating that protects it
Tx for gut stasis in rabbits?
Reglan/cisapride
Probiotics
Vitamin B
Oxbow critical care diet
Simethicone for gas
Abx for diarrhea
Abdominal massage
Fluids
What is the best antibiotic to use in rabbits?
Baytril
What is the most common cause of respiratory disease in adult rabbits?
Pasteurella
Clinical signs of Pasteurella in rabbits?
Otitis
Pleuropneumonia
Bacteremia
Abscesses
What is an early sign of Pasteurella infection in rabbits?
Forepaws matted and yellow-gray
(from nasal discharge)
What causes fibrinous pneumonia and otitis media in rabbits?
Staph aureus and albus
What is the most likely cause of conjunctivitis in rabbits?
Moraxella catarrhalis
What disease is associated with civets (bred as exotic meat in China)?
SARS
What disease is associated wtih Gambian giant rats and prarie dogs?
Human monkey pox
What reptiles should you recommend to new pet owners?
Bearded dragons
Small colubrids (corn snakes, garter snakes)
What small mammals would you recommend to a new pet owner?
Ferrets
Rabbits
Guinea pigs
What birds would you recommend to new pet owners?
Finches
Canaries
Cockatiels
T/F: Vaccine reactions are very common in ferrets
True
Which vaccines are given to ferrets?
Distemper
Rabies
What is a drawback of putting medication in the water?
Dilution
What is a side effect of baytril in rabbits?
Skin sloughing
What area would you use for an IM injection in rabbits?
Lumbar
What type of bacteria are part of a rabbit’s intestinal flora?
G+
Anaerobes
What are side effects of using G+ anitbiotics in rabbits?
Dysbiosis in the gut
Diarrhea
Inappetance
What antibiotics are good to use in rabbits?
Quinolones
Sulfonamides
Chloramphenicol
Metronidazole
Azithromycin
Penicillin (injectable only)
What are the bad antibiotics to use in rabbits?
Penicillin (oral)
Lincomycin (mycins)
Amoxicillin, Clavamox, Ampicillin
Cephalosporins, Clindamycin
Erythromycin
What opioids are most commonly used?
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
What small animals get hypertension from opioids? Hypotension?
Hyper = rabbits and mice
Hypo = ferrets and rats
What species is very sensitive to corticosteroids?
Rabbits
How much blood can you draw at one time in a ferret?
<10% blood volume
BV = 50-60 ml/kg
What artery is preferred when drawing blood on a rabbit?
Central ear artery
When drawing blood from small rodents, what do you replace the blood volume with?
0/9% NaCl
How much volume can you give for an IP injection in a mouse? Rat?
Mouse = <0.5ml
Rat = <2ml
What is the unique leukocyte found in guinea pigs?
Kurloff cell
What is thought to be the role of Kurloff cells in guinea pigs?
Create a physiological barriewr between fetus/mother
What virus causes diarrhea in ferrets?
Corona virus
ECE (epizootic catarrhal enteritis)
Green slime diarrhea in ferrets = ?
ECE
What ferret disease resembles FIP?
Ferret systemic coronavirus
DDx for mucoid stool in ferrets?
Parasites (coccidia)
Helicobacter
Campylobacter
Viral (if new additions to the group)
DDx for melena in ferrets?
FB
Hairball
Ulcers
What is the only species susceptible to human influenza?
Ferrets
What organisms cause pneumonia in ferrets?
Bordetella
Pasteurella
T/F: Canine distemper is fatal in ferrets
True
What should always be a differential for nasal discharge in ferrets?
Dental disease
What do female ferrets develop if they are intact and not bred?
Estrogen toxicity and bone marrow suppression
Prostatic disease in ferrets is often secondary to what?
Adrenal disease
T/F: Mast cell tumors and basal cell tumors are common in the skin of ferrets and typically metastasize
False
Don’t typically metastasize
T/F: Fibrosarcomas and sebacdous gland adenomas in ferrets metastasize
True