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20th Century European Humanities > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Kristiania Bohème

A
  • Critical of social inequality
  • Interested in free love and equality
  • Turned away Christianity
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2
Q

What kind of art does Edvard Munch want to create based on what he wrote (St. Cloud Diary)?

A

He wants to create a reality of his emotions.

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3
Q

What does Edvard Munch not want in his art?

What does he want in his art?

A

He doesn’t want representational art. Doesn’t want to simply paint a chair, or someone knitting.
He wants to depict emotion, ex: people who breathe, and feel, suffer and love.

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4
Q

When does Edvard Munch want to display his art?

A

Right away, in the present moment. Right when he experiences it. Wants to capture the present moment.

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5
Q

Who painted The Scream?

A

Edvard Munch

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6
Q

What is Expressionism?

A
  • Looked inward to a world of emotional and psychological states rather than outward to a world of fleeting light and shadow.
  • Importance of color in expressing emotion.
  • Influence of Freud and theories regarding unconsciousness.
  • Focus on individual interior, emotional and psychological states.
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7
Q

What does/did it mean to be modern?

A
  • Free from the past/rejecting the past.
  • Sense that the present is moving swiftly.
  • Technology is advancing.
  • The “new.”
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8
Q

The Austro-Hungarian Empire was also called …

A

The Habsburg Empire.

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9
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A

Monarchy exists, but still exists a social contract. Expanded powers of the middle class.

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10
Q

What were some enlightenment ideals?

A

-The idea that individual people have rights.
-Rule of law.
-Social contract.
-Social order - order is important.
Mind over body.
Social progress through science, education and work.

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11
Q

In 1900, Liberals fall from power. This results in…

A
  • Austrian’s rise to power.
  • Rise of nationalism.
  • Trying to spread all German culture.
    • Everyone trying to spread their culture.
    • Setting the stage of the first world war.
    • Ethnic tension between countries fuels war as well.
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12
Q

First decade of the 20th century…

A
  • Art and music still retained.
  • World is seen as chaotic.
  • Austrians turn inward to themselves.
    • Try to express themselves in art.
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13
Q
  • Born during enlightenment period.
  • Viennese artist.
  • Comes from lower class.
  • Explodes ant pile to impress girls.
A

Oskar Kokoschka.

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14
Q

Which artist drew, The Dreaming Boys?

A

Oskar Kokoschka.

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15
Q

Why would, The Dreaming Boys, be controversial?

A
  • They are naked.
  • Are they both girls? Both boys?
  • They look the same, no clear markers of what exactly they are.
  • Where are they? What are they doing?
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16
Q

Kokoschka wants to paint where he can express…

A

people’s inner psychological states.

17
Q

What is tonality?

A
  • Music organized around a center pitch.

- Organized around keys, around a particular note.

18
Q

What are consonance and dissonance?

A
  • Consonance: pleasant, notes go well.

- Dissonance: Hard sounding, music clashes.

19
Q

Harmony creates a ______ ___ _____. It will bring you back from where you ended.
_______ provides closure.

A

desire for closure. Cadence.

20
Q

Schoenberg’s critique of Tonality:

A

1) Hierarchy vs. egalitarianism (true equality).

2) Tonality creates an illusion of social order.

21
Q

What did Schoenberg want from his music?

A
  • Schoenberg wanted his music to reflect social disorder.
  • Schoenberg wanted to create music where the world is disordered, chaotic, expresses real/true feelings of anxiety, depression and gloom.
  • Wanted you to feel uncomfortable.
22
Q

Around 1908, Schoenberg was influenced by ________ and _____.

A

Psychoanalysis and Freud.

23
Q

What were Schoenberg’s musical Innovations?

A

“Emancipation of Dissonance.” - Music can stand alone by itself, doesn’t need a closure.

24
Q

What is the conscious?

A
  • What we are immediately thinking about.

- What you’re aware of right now.

25
Q

What is the preconscious?

A

-The part of your brain where you can recall something from the past. You may not be thinking about it right now, but you can easily recall it.

26
Q

What is the unconscious?

A

-Habitual actions that you don’t think about doing. Ex: breathing.

27
Q

What is the Id?

A
  • The pleasure principle.
  • The animal instincts of a person.
  • What you want to do instead of what you should do.
28
Q

What is the ego?

A
  • The reality principle.

- Judgement calls that deal with your reality.

29
Q

What are the six steps to Hysteria?

A

1) “An un-pleasurable experience”
- The women had an un-pleasureable experience b/c they had bad sexual experiences.
2) “Overwhelms the ego”
- Lose a sense of reality, have trouble making responsible decisions.
3) “Gaps in the psyche”
- The mind will try to blank out things that are painful and unbearable.
4) Repression/attacks
5) “Boundary idea”
- Something innocuous and innocent can bring these memories back.
6) Trauma

30
Q

What is the cause of hysteria?

A

The effect of repression. It’s all contained in your mind. It’s the return of the memories that causes hysteria.

31
Q

How does Freud think one can be cured of hysteria?

A

Freud says the cure is to make the unconscious into the conscious. Make it into a coherent narrative.

32
Q

The events in the opera, the women experiences a traumatic event…

A
  • The whole opera is cycling between remembering and trying to repress it.
  • Has many fragmentary and short sentences.
  • *What is the cause root of all her hysteria? - Sex and desire. Her boyfriend cheated on her.
33
Q

When Alfred Owen was 20, he moved to France to teach English. He did’t enlist for a year. What were his two issues?

A

1) Sees the effects of war. Thinks he is better off alone.

2) Heavy social pressure to enlist to protect his country.

34
Q

Who combines the requiem mass for the dead with nine of Wilfred Owen’s poems?

A

Benjamin Britten.

35
Q

New Economic Policy (NEP)

A
  • Russian Revolution.
  • NEP: 1920s.
  • Post-revoluation.
  • Pre-totalitarianism.
  • Shift from agricultural economy to an industrial economy.
  • Building of infrastructure and Moscow as the new capital.
36
Q

Gender Roles… ____ made a communal organization of domestic chores that would liberate women.
1918 Soviet constitution makes gender equality the law.

A

Karl Marx.

20th Century European Humanities (1 decks)

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