Exam 1 Flashcards
what is developmental psych
the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people
continuity/discontinuity
continuity= quantitative discontinuity= qualitative
active vs reactive
active= the child having more freedom in choosing what it wants to do reactive= the parents react to the childs gentic makeup
biopsychosocial approach
(which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural) factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness.
principles of lifespan perspective
life long
multidimensional
multidirectional
plastic
case study
in depth exam of one person
detailed accounts of rare or unusual phenomenon
difficult to draw cause and effect
self report studies
participants talk about themselves
Freud psychosexual theory
maturation changes where a child’s source of pleasure is located
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
internal drives + external drives = development,
classical conditioning
Pavlov, Watson, goal is to change the stimulus that elicits behavior
operant conditioning
skinner, Goal is to change behaviors
social cognitive learning
bandura, goal is to learn by observing and imitating others
piagets cognitive developmental theory
scheme, assimilation, accommodation, equilibration
vgotskys sociocultural theory
learning is an active, social process, zones of proximal development, scaffolding
information processing theory
sensory memory to short term memory to long term memory back to long term memory
bronfenbrenner’s bio ecological theory
macro, exo, meso, micro,
ethology
the study of adaptive behaviors
case study
study one person hella, hard to replicate in lab, not generalizable
self report studies
the participant tells researcher about themselves with interview or questionnaire, quick and easy, might lie or not know info requested.
naturalistic observation
researchers observes people in their natural environment, high external validity, low internal validity,
external validity
findings generalize to other settings
internal validity
ability to draw cause and effect inferences from a study
lab observation
researcher observes people in a controlled environment, high internal, low external
correlational studies
researcher measure the relationship between the two variables, shows if variables are related,
experimental methods
researcher manipulates independent variables, more control, low external validity
cross sectional study
people of different ages measured once, quick, not measuring development
longitudinal studies
same people measure more than once, measures development, drop out, time consuming
sequential studies
different people measured more than once can distinguish between age and cohort effects, time consuming, drop out
microgenetic studies
same people measured more than once over a short time period, offers insight into how change occurs , can be time consuming and difficult
genotypes
what you have
phenotypes
what you see
autosomes
22
sex chromosomes
1 x or y
genes
segments of dna that code for a protein or trait
dominant/recessive
punnett squares hair type, eye color, gregor mendel
multifactorial
genes and environment, personality
x linked
more likiely to affect males because only 1 chromosome, color vision deficiency
polygenic
many genes determine phenotype, skin color
germinal
conception to two weeks, sperm and egg fitting on to the uterine wall
emnbryonic
2 to 8 weeks, organs and major body systems develop rapidly, lungs, stomach, nercous
fetal
8 weeks to birth, organs and body become more complex, rapid brain growth, finishing touches
teratogens
Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus, drugs, alcohol, etc…
average neonate
20 inches long, 7.5 pounds
fontanels
soft plates of head
lanugo
fuzzy prenatal hair
vernix caseosa
oily protection against infection
apgar
appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration
synaptogenesis
add connections
pruning
remove connections
thelens dynamic systems theory
motor development depends on many factors, physiological changes, motivation, experience
senses:touch
first sense to develop, rooting reflex, able to experience pain at birth
sense: smell and taste
begins to develop in womb, newborns prefer sweet tastes
sense of hearing
functional before birth
senses: sight
least developed sense at birth, 20/400 at birth, 20,20 at about 6 months
