Exam 1

Question 1

what is developmental psych

Answer 1

the scientific study of the systematic processes of change and stability in people

Question 2

continuity/discontinuity

Answer 2

continuity= quantitative
discontinuity= qualitative

Question 3

active vs reactive

Answer 3

active= the child having more freedom in choosing what it wants to do
reactive= the parents react to the childs gentic makeup

Question 4

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 4

(which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social (socio-economical, socio-environmental, and cultural) factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness.

Question 5

principles of lifespan perspective

Answer 5

life long
multidimensional
multidirectional
plastic

Question 6

case study

Answer 6

in depth exam of one person
detailed accounts of rare or unusual phenomenon
difficult to draw cause and effect

Question 7

self report studies

Answer 7

participants talk about themselves

Question 8

Freud psychosexual theory

Answer 8

maturation changes where a child’s source of pleasure is located

Question 9

Erikson’s psychosocial theory

Answer 9

internal drives + external drives = development,

Question 10

classical conditioning

Answer 10

Pavlov, Watson, goal is to change the stimulus that elicits behavior

Question 11

operant conditioning

Answer 11

skinner, Goal is to change behaviors

Question 12

social cognitive learning

Answer 12

bandura, goal is to learn by observing and imitating others

Question 13

piagets cognitive developmental theory

Answer 13

scheme, assimilation, accommodation, equilibration

Question 14

vgotskys sociocultural theory

Answer 14

learning is an active, social process, zones of proximal development, scaffolding

Question 15

information processing theory

Answer 15

sensory memory to short term memory to long term memory back to long term memory

Question 16

bronfenbrenner’s bio ecological theory

Answer 16

macro, exo, meso, micro,

Question 17

ethology

Answer 17

the study of adaptive behaviors

Question 18

case study

Answer 18

study one person hella, hard to replicate in lab, not generalizable

Question 19

self report studies

Answer 19

the participant tells researcher about themselves with interview or questionnaire, quick and easy, might lie or not know info requested.

Question 20

naturalistic observation

Answer 20

researchers observes people in their natural environment, high external validity, low internal validity,

Question 21

external validity

Answer 21

findings generalize to other settings

Question 22

internal validity

Answer 22

ability to draw cause and effect inferences from a study

Question 23

lab observation

Answer 23

researcher observes people in a controlled environment, high internal, low external

Question 24

correlational studies

Answer 24

researcher measure the relationship between the two variables, shows if variables are related,

Question 25

experimental methods

Answer 25

researcher manipulates independent variables, more control, low external validity

Question 26

cross sectional study

Answer 26

people of different ages measured once, quick, not measuring development

Question 27

longitudinal studies

Answer 27

same people measure more than once, measures development, drop out, time consuming

Question 28

sequential studies

Answer 28

different people measured more than once can distinguish between age and cohort effects, time consuming, drop out

Question 29

microgenetic studies

Answer 29

same people measured more than once over a short time period, offers insight into how change occurs , can be time consuming and difficult

Question 30

genotypes

Answer 30

what you have

Question 31

phenotypes

Answer 31

what you see

Question 32

autosomes

Answer 32

22

Question 33

sex chromosomes

Answer 33

1 x or y

Question 34

genes

Answer 34

segments of dna that code for a protein or trait

Question 35

dominant/recessive

Answer 35

punnett squares hair type, eye color, gregor mendel

Question 36

multifactorial

Answer 36

genes and environment, personality

Question 37

x linked

Answer 37

more likiely to affect males because only 1 chromosome, color vision deficiency

Question 38

polygenic

Answer 38

many genes determine phenotype, skin color

Question 39

germinal

Answer 39

conception to two weeks, sperm and egg fitting on to the uterine wall

Question 40

emnbryonic

Answer 40

2 to 8 weeks, organs and major body systems develop rapidly, lungs, stomach, nercous

Question 41

fetal

Answer 41

8 weeks to birth, organs and body become more complex, rapid brain growth, finishing touches

Question 42

teratogens

Answer 42

Any agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus, drugs, alcohol, etc…

Question 43

average neonate

Answer 43

20 inches long, 7.5 pounds

Question 44

fontanels

Answer 44

soft plates of head

Question 45

lanugo

Answer 45

fuzzy prenatal hair

Question 46

vernix caseosa

Answer 46

oily protection against infection

Question 47

apgar

Answer 47

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

Question 48

synaptogenesis

Answer 48

add connections

Question 49

pruning

Answer 49

remove connections

Question 50

thelens dynamic systems theory

Answer 50

motor development depends on many factors, physiological changes, motivation, experience

Question 51

senses:touch

Answer 51

first sense to develop, rooting reflex, able to experience pain at birth

Question 52

sense: smell and taste

Answer 52

begins to develop in womb, newborns prefer sweet tastes

Question 53

sense of hearing

Answer 53

functional before birth

Question 54

senses: sight

Answer 54

least developed sense at birth, 20/400 at birth, 20,20 at about 6 months