Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the four macromolecules
lipids proteins carbohydrates and nucleic acids
How many carbon atoms are in a monosaccaride
5 or 6
What is an example of a monosaccharide
glucose
What are three examples of disaccharides
sucrose, maltose, and lactose
What are 3 examples of polysaccharides
starch, cellulose, and glycogen
What are the functions of carbohydrates? What carbs fit into each function
- Energy storage: glucose, starch, glycogen
- Structure: cellulose, chitin, and glycosaminoglycans
Lipids are hydrophilic or hydrophobic
hydrophobic
Lipids are made out of a (Glycerol or Glycogen) head, and (3 or 6) fatty acid tails?
glycerol, 3
Phospholipids have (1 or 2) fatty acid tails and a (phosphate or fluoride) group
2,phosphate
Amphipathic molecules have a (polar or nonpolar) head and a (polar or nonpolar) tail
polar,nonpolar
Lipid functions
energy storage, insulation, hormones, and water repellancy
Functional groups
groups of atoms with special chemical features and properties
Fats are also called
triglycerides(3 fatty acids)
Categories of carbs
monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide
deductive reasoning
general to specific
inductive reasoning
specific to general
pH
measure of hydrogen ion concentration
acids
dissolve in water and release hydrogen ions
bases
dissolve in water and release hydroxide ions and pick up hydrogen
Malthus
survival of the fitest
Darwin
evolution and natural selection
Amino acids
R(side chain), amino group, carboxyl group, and hydrogen
Characteristics of living things
1) Ability to reproduce
2) evolution
3) energy use metabolism
4) growth and development
5) homeostasis
6) adapt to changes in enviornment
7) maintain internal order
Lamarck
giraffes one inherits and acquired skill
Tertiary structure
folding gives complex shape 3D
Secondary structure
folding in repeating patterns
a helix
right handed coil R groups point away from backbone
What are three examples of steroids
cholesterol, estrogen, and testosterone
covalent bond
strong bonds can share 1, 2, or 3 electrons
hydrogen bonds
don’t share electrons, weak
nonpolar bond
similar electronegativity equal electron sharing
polar covalent
don’t share equally share with different electronegativity
ionic bonds
complete transfer of electrons, ion is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons
