Exam 1 Flashcards
animation
movement created through a series of drawings
magic lantern
1645, four components: box, light source, curved mirror, lens
persistence of vision
1824, explained why our eyes perceive movement in static images; after image effect: image carries over in our brains, passive phenomenon, myth
short-range apparent motion
the illusion of animation
kinograph
1868, flip book
zoetrope
cylinder with slits that spins
kinetoscope
1894, invented by Thomas Edison, a way to view 13 seconds of celluloid film, shown in nickelodeon galleries
vitoscope
1895, early film projector, Thomas Armant
chalk talks and lightning sketches
James Stuart Blackton, metamorphic drawings on a vaudeville stage.
“Living Blackboard”
Emile Cohl, Fantasmagorie, first animated cartoon, drawn on rice-paper and photographed with negative process
Little Nemo in Slumberland
1911, WInsor McCay comics, changed layout of traditional comic, became first animated American cartoon
mutascope
Winsor McCay, used to check movement; giant roladex;
cycling
reusing sequences of drawings instead of redrawing them to save time
peg system
used to align animators’ drawings, each animator’s desk had pegs in same place
rotoscope
allowed animators to trace an image frame by frame, later seen as a crutch
Felix the Cat
919 Otto Messmer; financially and artistically successful; fine art background, cartoon foreground; studied body language of Charlie Chaplin to give Felix personalized body movements
Laugh-O-Gram Films
first shorts animated by Walt Disney; gave Walt local publicity
Alice Comedies
1924-1927; series of shorts featuring a live action girl in an animated world; signed 1 year contract with MJ Winkler
model sheet
broke characters down into components; used as a guide; Walt saw these as a crutch
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
1927; first character designed by Ub and Walt collectively; Walt lost rights to Oswald when he left Charles Mintz
Nine Old Men
Walt Disney’s core animators; Les Clark
The Jazz Singer
1927, First sound film
exposure sheet
Details dialog and music; each line equals one frame; every 4 frames something corresponded with the music; used in Steamboat Willie
Silly Symphonies
1929; based on music, story is secondary; entirely new experience for the audience; training ground for artists to experiment
storyboard
1931; invented by Web Smith; 4x8 bulletin board; allowed edits to be made before animation began
inspirational sketch artist
artists that were hired to create artwork to capture the feel of the current production; used during entire process
Émile Reynaud
Inventor of praxinoscope